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621.
The movement and degradation of pesticide residues in soils and groundwater are complex processes affected by soil physical, (bio)chemical, and hydrogeological properties, climatic conditions, and agricultural practices. This work presents a physically-based analytical model suitable for long-term predictions of pesticide concentrations in groundwater. The primary interest is to investigate the impact of soil environment, related physical and (bio)chemical processes, especially, volatilization, crop uptake, and agricultural practices on long-term vulnerability of groundwater to contamination by pesticides. The soil is separated into root and intermediate vadose zones, each with uniform properties. Transport in each soil zone is modeled on the basis of complete mixing, by spatial averaging the related point multiphase-transport partial differential equation (i.e., linear-reservoir models). Transport in the aquifer, however, is modeled by a two-dimensional advection-dispersion transport equation, considering adsorption and first-order decay rate. Vaporization in the soil is accounted for by assuming liquid-vapor phase partitioning using Henry's law, and vapor flux (volatilization) from the soil surface is modeled by diffusion through an air boundary layer. Sorption of liquid-phase solutes by crops is described by a linear relationship which is valid for first-order (passive) crop uptake. The model is applied to five pesticides (atrazine, bromacil, chlordane, heptachlor, and lindane), and the potential for pesticide contamination of groundwater is investigated for sandy and clayey soils. Simulation results show that groundwater contamination can be substantially reduced for clayey soil environments, where bio(chemical) degradation and volatilization are most efficient as natural loss pathways for the pesticides. Also, uptake by cross can be a significant mechanism for attenuating exposure levels in ground-water especially in a sandy soil environment, and for relatively persisting pesticides. Further, simulations indicate that changing agricultural practices can have a profound effect on vulnerability of groundwater to mobile and relatively persisting pesticides. 相似文献
622.
Sydney M. Collins Jack G. Hendrix Quinn M. R. Webber Sean P. Boyle Katrien A. Kingdon Robert J. Blackmore Kyle J. N. d'Entremont Jennifer Hogg Juan P. Ibáñez Joanie L. Kennah Jessika Lamarre Miguel Mejías Levi Newediuk Cerren Richards Katrina Schwedak Chirathi Wijekulathilake Julie W. Turner 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14021
Consistent individual differences in behavior, commonly termed animal personality, are a widespread phenomenon across taxa that have important consequences for fitness, natural selection, and trophic interactions. Animal personality research may prove useful in several conservation contexts, but which contexts remains to be determined. We conducted a structured literature review of 654 studies identified by combining search terms for animal personality and various conservation subfields. We scored the relevance of personality and conservation issues for each study to identify which studies meaningfully integrated the 2 fields as opposed to surface-level connections or vague allusions. We found a taxonomic bias toward mammals (29% of all studies). Very few amphibian or reptile studies applied personality research to conservation issues (6% each). Climate change (21%), invasive species (15%), and captive breeding and reintroduction (13%) were the most abundant conservation subfields that occurred in our search, though a substantial proportion of these papers weakly integrated conservation and animal personality (climate change 54%, invasive species 51%, captive breeding and reintroduction 40%). Based on our results, we recommend that researchers strive for consistent and broadly applicable terminology when describing consistent behavioral differences to minimize confusion and improve the searchability of research. We identify several gaps in the literature that appear to be promising and fruitful avenues for future research, such as disease transmission as a function of sociability or exploration as a driver of space use in protected areas. Practitioners can begin informing future conservation efforts with knowledge gained from animal personality research. 相似文献
623.
Verónica Reyes-Galindo Juan Pablo Jaramillo-Correa Karina Carrasco Nava Alejandra Elizabeth De-la-Rosa-González David Flores Flores Mauricio Martínez Luis Alberto Monroy-De-la-Rosa Miguel Ángel Morelos Zamora Billy Emmanuel Ramírez Morales Oliver Tanui Ramírez Morales María del Pilar Rodríguez Maurilio Salazar Zamora Claudio Zamora Callejas Rafael Zamora Callejas César Zamora Tonatiuh Zamora Victor Alejandro González-Camacho Erick Rebollo Ricardo Torres-Jardón Ana Wegier Alicia Mastretta-Yanes 《Conservation biology》2023,37(5):e14112
Peri-urban forest monitoring requires indicators of vegetation damage. An example is the sacred fir (Abies religiosa) forests surrounding Mexico City, which have been heavily exposed to tropospheric ozone, a harmful pollutant, for over 4 decades. We developed a participatory monitoring system with which local community members and scientists generated data on ozone tree damage. Santa Rosa Xochiac rangers (13) used the digital tool KoboToolBox to record ozone damage to trees, tree height, tree ages, tree condition, tree position, and whether the tree had been planted. Thirty-five percent of the trees (n = 1765) had ozone damage. Younger trees had a lower percentage of foliage damaged by ozone than older trees (p < 0.0001), and asymptomatic trees tended to be younger (p < 0.0001). Symptomatic trees were taller than asymptomatic trees of the same age (R2c = 0.43, R2m = 0.27). Involving local communities facilitated forest monitoring and using digital technology improved data quality. This participatory system can be used to monitor forest condition change over time and thus aids restoration efforts driven by government or local communities’ interests, facilitating local decision-making. 相似文献
624.
Evaluation of extracted organic carbon and microbial biomass as stability parameters in ligno-cellulosic waste composts 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mondini C Sánchez-Monedero MA Sinicco T Leita L 《Journal of environmental quality》2006,35(6):2313-2320
Extracted organic C and microbial biomass were evaluated as stability parameters in 3 different ligno-cellulosic waste composts. Organic C was extracted by both water and alkali and further separated in humic-like carbon (HLC) and nonhumic carbon (NHC). Conventional humification parameters, such as humification index and degree of humification were calculated from NHC and HLC. Microbial biomass carbon (B(C)) was determined as an indicator of the degree of biochemical transformation, whereas ninhydrin reactive N (B(NIN)) was measured to obtain the stability parameter B(NIN)/N(TOT) (N(TOT), total N). The water-extracted organic C did not provide reliable information on the transformations underwent by the ligno-cellulosic wastes during composting, since its content remained almost unaltered during the whole process. In contrast, parameters based on the alkali-extracted organic C and microbial biomass clearly reflected organic matter (OM) changes during the process. There was an increase in the net amount of HLC in the alkali extracts throughout composting, especially in the first 7 to 12 wk of the process, as well as a relative enrichment of HLC with respect to NHC. Values of humification index and degree of humification in end products were consistent with an adequate level of compost stability. The stability parameter B(NIN)/N(TOT) showed to be a reliable indicator of stability in ligno-cellulosic wastes. Parameters based on the alkali-extracted C and microbial biomass clearly reflected the transformation of the OM during composting and can be used as stability parameters in ligno-cellulosic waste composts. 相似文献
625.
Álvarez-Barragán Joyce Cravo-Laureau Cristiana Duran Robert 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72718-72728
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fungal microbiome interacts with the other biotic components in coastal sediment playing a key role in the overall coordination of the whole microbial... 相似文献
626.
Diório Alexandre Díaz-Angulo Jennyfer Castellanos Reynel M. Gomes Ana I. Bergamasco Rosângela Vieira Marcelo Fernandes Dezotti Márcia Mueses Miguel Angel Machuca-Martinez Fiderman Vilar Vítor J. P. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42120-42129
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This work aims to integrate several hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activation mechanisms, photolysis (UVC irradiation), chemical electron transfer (TiO2-P25... 相似文献
627.
Torres-Palma Ricardo A. Hernández Félix Santos Miguel M. Vilar Vítor J. P. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42117-42119
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
628.
Roldán-Alzate Luis Miguel Zuluaga Francisco 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2022,29(4):801-825
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Identification of critical episodes of environmental pollution, both as a outlier identification problem and as a classification problem, is a usual... 相似文献