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21.
Thipsukon Khumsaeng Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh Karstensen H. Kare Chongrak Polprasert 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(4):833-841
This paper presents the results of test burns for obsolete pesticides (OPs) of the permethrin group in a high temperature incinerator (HTI) in Southeast Asia. Three test burn runs were conducted, a baseline run when no OP was fed to the incinerator, and two test runs with different mixtures of OP compounds (formula 1 and 2, refer to Table 1 for detail) containing chlorine in the feeding wastes. The unintentional formed persistent organic pollutants (U-POPs) including 17 dioxins/furans, 12 dioxin-like PCBs and 12 chlorobenzenes (CBs) were monitored in all input materials and all discharges (flue gas, scrubbing liquid and solid residues). The results show relatively high levels of the U-POPs in the flue gas emission with total dioxins/furans of 4.4, 3.4, and 8.4 ng I-TEQ/m3 in the baseline, test run 1 and test run 2, respectively, which are above international acceptable emission levels. The PCB levels in flue gas were, respectively, 0.01, 0.3 and 0.4 ng I-TEQ/m3. The baseline thus had similar U-POPs levels with the OP test runs.In stack emission, approximately 90% of the U-POPs and 100% of CBs were present in gas phase. The emission factors, mass of pollutants per metric ton (tonne) of input waste, of U-POPs associated with fly ash (from bag house) were the highest, followed by flue gas and bottom ash while those associated with scrubbing liquid were relatively low. Among the waste input material only the black toner power contained U-POPs, but at low levels. The profiles of the dioxins/furans and PCBs in the toner waste were significantly different from that in the discharges. Despite the overall good destruction and removal efficiency of permethrin (better than 90%) the high emission of U-POPs and CBs from the test burn is of another more serious concern. To our best knowledge the findings of this study are the first of this kind for the Southeast Asia. The findings emphasize that if not properly conducted a standard destruction technology of a non-POP chemical can lead to a release of a range of more dangerous U-POPs into the environment. 相似文献
22.
Performance of different composting techniques in reducing oestrogens content in manure from livestock in a Vietnamese setting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thi Anh Hong Le Joachim Clemens Thai Hoa Nguyen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):415-423
Steroid oestrogens (SE) are released by humans and animals into the environment. In the Mekong Delta animal excrement is directly discharged into surface water and can pollute the water. Only a few animal production sites are currently treating the excrement in either biogas plants or vermicomposting systems. The concentration of SE in manures from pigs and cattle was monitored in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Fresh cow faeces had an oestrogen concentration of 3.3 ng E2 eq/g dry weight. The SE concentration in effluent from biogas plants fed with animal manures was 341 ng E2 eq/L. Most of the SE were in the solid phase (77.9–98.7%). Vermicomposting reduced SE to 95% of the original input. 相似文献
23.
Johan Tidblad Vladimir Kucera Farid Samie Surendra N. Das Chalothorn Bhamornsut Leong Chow Peng King Lung So Zhao Dawei Le Thi Hong Lien Hans Schollenberger Chozi V. Lungu David Simbi 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):241-247
Many national exposure programmes have been performed in tropical and subtropical climates during the last 50 years. However,
ambitious programmes involving more than a few countries are scarce. In this paper a recently formed network of test sites
is described involving 12 test sites in Asia (India, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and China including Hong Kong) and four test
sites in Africa (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This effort is part of the 2001–2004 Swedish International Development
Agency (SIDA) funded Programme on Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries (RAPIDC). Corrosion attack after one (2002–2003)
year of exposure (carbon steel, zinc, copper, limestone and paint coated steel) are presented together with environmental
data (SO2, NO2, HNO3, O3, particles, amount and pH of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity) for all the test sites. The obtained corrosion
values are substantially higher than expected for limestone, higher than expected for carbon steel and lower than expected
for zinc compared to values calculated using the best available dose–response functions. 相似文献
24.
25.
Vo Thi Thanh Loc Simon R. Bush Le Xuan Sinh Nguyen Tri Khiem 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2010,12(6):889-908
This paper investigates the structure, function and wealth distribution within the Pangasius hypophthalmus and Henicorhynchus spp./Labiobarbus spp. value chains in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The analysis is driven by key questions relating to the form and function
of value chains, their contribution to the livelihoods of farmers and fishers, the effectiveness of government policy and
the potential for value chain governance mechanisms, such as contracts and certification, to steer towards sustainable production.
The results indicate that actors in the high value Pangasius hypopthalmus export chain have a higher potential income, but face considerably higher economic vulnerability from global markets. Alternatively,
Henichorhychus/Labiobarbus spp. fishers are severely constrained in their ability to negotiate higher prices for their fish but appear to be less vulnerable
to economic and environmental change. The paper concludes that for value chain governance to improve the livelihoods of fishers
and farmers in both high and low value chains, new arrangements are needed that better accommodate customary institutions
and informal market relations. 相似文献
26.
Huy Thanh Vo Tsuyoshi Imai Truc Thanh Ho Thanh-Loc Thi Dang Son Anh Hoang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,36(10):38-47
Recently emerging disadvantages in conventional disinfection have heightened the need for finding a new solution. Developments in the use of high pressure carbon dioxide for food preservation and sterilization have led to a renewed interest in its applicability in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. Pressurized CO2 is one of the most investigated methods of antibacterial treatment and has been used extensively for decades to inhibit pathogens in dried food and liquid products. This study reviews the literature concerning the utility of CO2 as a disinfecting agent, and the pathogen inactivation mechanism of CO2 treatment is evaluated based on all available research. In this paper, it will be argued that the successful application and high effectiveness of CO2 treatment in liquid foods open a potential opportunity for its use in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. The findings from models with different operating conditions (pressure, temperature, microorganism, water content, media …) suggest that most microorganisms are successfully inhibited under CO2 treatment. It will also be shown that the bacterial deaths under CO2 treatment can be explained by many different mechanisms. Moreover, the findings in this study can help to address the recently emerging problems in water disinfection, such as disinfection by-products (resulting from chlorination or ozone treatment). 相似文献
27.
Huy Tran Hong Phat Bui Dai Thi Cao Minh Van Viet Pham 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):527-531
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) with a diameter less than 10 nm are usually used in waste water treatment via the photocatalytic reaction. However,... 相似文献
28.
Cuong Van Hoang Tuyen Quang Tran Yen Hai Thi Nguyen Lan Thanh Nguyen 《Natural resources forum》2020,44(4):311-333
Using secondary data from a socio-economic quantitative household survey of the North Central region of Vietnam, the main aim of our study is to analyze the causal effect of forest resources on household income and poverty. Based on the observed characteristics of a forest-based livelihood and forest-related activities, we use a propensity score matching (PSM) method to control for potential bias arising from self-selection. The PSM results indicate that households with a forest-based livelihood had a higher level of income and lower poverty rates than did those without. Interestingly, our findings confirm that a forest-based livelihood offers much higher income than any other type of livelihood adopted by local households. Also, the poverty rate among households with a forest-based livelihood is lower than those earning non-labor income or engaged in wage/crop and crop livelihoods. Among households and provinces, we find varying opportunities deriving from forest resources, suggesting that there are potential barriers hindering local households from pursuing a forest livelihood or participating in some forest activities. Therefore, government policy and regulations on forest management should focus on improving the access of households to forest resources, while enhancing the sustainability of these resources. 相似文献
29.
Arsenic in groundwaters of the Lower Mekong 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stanger G Truong TV Ngoc KS Luyen TV Thanh TT 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2005,27(4):341-357
Increasing incidence and awareness of arsenic in many alluvial aquifers of South-east Asia has raised concern over possible
arsenic in the Lower Mekong Basin. Here, we have undertaken new research and reviewed many previous small-scale studies to
provide a comprehensive overview of the status of arsenic in aquifers of Cambodia and the Cuu Long Delta of Vietnam. In general
natural arsenic originates from the Upper Mekong basin, rather than from the local geology, and is widespread in soils at
typical concentrations of between 8 and 16 ppm; (dry weight). Industrial and agricultural arsenic is localised and relatively
unimportant compared to the natural alluvial arsenic. Aquifers most typically contain groundwaters of no more than 10 μg L−1, although scattered anomalous areas of 10 to 30 μg L−1 are also quite common. The most serious, but possibly ephemeral arsenic anomalies, of up to 600 μg L−1, are associated with iron and organic-rich flood-plain sediments subject to very large flood-related fluctuations in water
level, resulting in transient arsenopyrite dissolution under oxidizing conditions. In general, however, high-arsenic groundwaters
result from the competing interaction between sorption and dissolution processes, in which arsenic is only released under
reducing and slightly alkaline conditions. High arsenic groundwaters are found both in shallow water-tables, and in deeper
aquifers of between 100 and 120 m depth. There is no evidence of widespread arsenicosis, but there are serious localised health-hazards,
and some risk of low-level arsenic ingestion through indirect pathways, such as through contaminated rice and aquaculture.
An almost ubiquitous presence of arsenic in soils, together with the likelihood of greatly increased groundwater extraction
in the future, will require continuing caution in water resources development throughout the region. 相似文献
30.
Anh Van Ngo Ha Thi Nguyen Chieu Van Le Rajeev Goel Mitsuharu Terashima Hidenari Yasui 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(2):239-247
Microbial response on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is a key for methane fermentation processes since accumulation of VFAs often causes an acidic failure, especially treating such organics as food wastes composed of mostly readily biodegradable materials. To evaluate the impact of VFA accumulation, a lab-scale continuous experiment was performed for 110 days with sequential feeding of heterogeneous food wastes. When the volumetric loading rate was increased from 6 to 8 kg-COD/m3/day, a sudden decrease of methane production was observed with an accumulation of acetate and propionate in the fermenter. After discontinuation of feeding for 10 days, the digestate in the fermenter was centrifuged and washed with tap water to reduce the VFAs to be acceptable concentration below 1000 mg-COD/L. Nevertheless, no recovery of methane production was observed and VFA concentrations consistently increased. To model the event, a modification of ADM1 was made assuming the methanogens in the fermenter were irreversibly inactivated under very high VFA. Also considering the different nature of the fed food wastes over 11 samples, decomposition kinetics of individual food wastes were manipulated. The modified ADM1 with methanogenic activity decay reasonably reproduced the responses for soluble material concentrations and methane gas production rate over the experimental period. 相似文献