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201.
Estelle J. Villanneau Nicolas P. A. Saby Thomas G. Orton Claudy C. Jolivet Line Boulonne Giovanni Caria Enrique Barriuso Antonio Bispo Olivier Briand Dominique Arrouays 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2013,11(1):99-104
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread organic pollutants. Soils are a reservoir of PAHs because some soil constituents favour PAH accumulation. Therefore, soil is a key indicator of the degree of contamination. So far, studies mapping soil PAH levels over large territories are very rare. Here, we report the first nation-wide maps of soil PAHs in France. Results were obtained within the French National Soil Monitoring Network, which is the first European network monitoring systematically soil PAHs. We used advanced geostatistics to map PAH distribution over the whole French territory. Our results show clear trends of PAH levels at the nation scale. For instance, the highest PAH levels are found in Northern and Eastern France. This high contamination is explained by the intense industrial activity of these regions during the last century. High levels of PAH are also found near some coastlines. This observation could be explained by long-range atmospheric transportation. In addition, we found that light PAHs are rarely found in French topsoils. 相似文献
202.
Soil microbial diversity and C turnover modified by tillage and cropping in Laos tropical grassland 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pascal Lienhard Sébastien Terrat Olivier Mathieu Jean Levêque Nicolas Chemidlin Prévost-Bouré Virginie Nowak Tiffanie Régnier Céline Faivre Sengphanh Sayphoummie Khamkéo Panyasiri Florent Tivet Lionel Ranjard Pierre-Alain Maron 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2013,11(4):391-398
Agricultural practices should modify the diversity of soil microbes. However, the precise relationships between soil properties and microbial diversity are poorly known. Here, we study the effect of agricultural management on soil microbial diversity and C turnover in tropical grassland of north-eastern Laos. Three years after native grassland conversion into agricultural land, we compared soils from five land use management systems: one till versus two no-till rotational cropping systems, one no-till improved pasture and the natural grassland. Soils were incubated in microcosms during 64 days at optimum temperature and humidity. Bacterial and fungal diversity were evaluated by metagenomic 454-pyrosequencing of 16S and 18SrRNA genes, respectively. Changes in soil respiration patterns were evaluated by monitoring 12C- and 13C-CO2 release after soil amendment with 13C-labelled wheat residues. Results show that residue mineralization increased with bacterial richness and diversity in the tilled treatment 7 days after soil amendment. Native soil organic C mineralization and priming effect increased with fungal richness and diversity in improved pasture and natural grassland. No-till cropping systems represented intermediate situations between tillage and pasture systems. Our findings evidence the potential of controlling soil microbial diversity by agricultural practices to improve soil biological properties. We suggest the promotion of no-till systems as a fair compromise between the need for agriculture intensification and soil ecological processes preservation. 相似文献
203.
204.
Turek Daniel Wehrhahn Claudia Gimenez Olivier 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2021,28(2):355-381
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Detection heterogeneity is inherent to ecological data, arising from factors such as varied terrain or weather conditions, inconsistent sampling effort, or... 相似文献
205.
We tested the relative contribution of leaf life span (LLS) and nutrient resorption efficiency (RE) to nutrient mean residence time (MRT) in plants. To do so, we introduced the use of elasticity analysis, which aims to measure the impact on MRT of a small change in one component, relative to the impact of equal changes in the other element. We also quantified the joint effect of LLS and RE on MRT, which required the calculation of the second derivatives of MRT with respect to LLS and RE. The estimation of the first derivatives showed that, although MRT increases linearly with LLS for a given value of RE, the relative effect of RE on MRT elasticity varies according to RE values; when RE > 0.5, the MRT's elasticity increases exponentially. The calculation of the second derivatives confirmed the importance of RE on MRT's variation. We used the results of the elasticity analysis to analyze how MRT responded to variation in LLS and nitrogen RE on MRT at the intra- and interspecific levels. For this, we used 18 plant species from three stages of a Mediterranean old-field succession, grown in a common garden experiment at two levels of nitrogen supply. 相似文献
206.
An evaluation of the link between climate and population dynamics requires understanding of climate effects both within and across generations. In ectothermic vertebrates, demographic responses to climate changes should crucially depend on balancing needs for heat and water. Here, we studied how temperature and rainfall regimes experienced before and during adulthood influenced reproductive performances (litter size, offspring size, and survival) in a natural population of the live-bearing common lizard, Lacerta vivipara, monitored continuously from 1989 to 2004. Rainfall regime, but not temperature, had both immediate and delayed effects on these reproductive performances. Rainfall during the first month of life was positively correlated with juvenile survival. Females experiencing more rainfall during gestation produced smaller neonates that showed greater survival when controlling for the positive effect of body size on survival. Furthermore, females that experienced heavier rainfall when in utero produced fewer but longer neonates during adulthood. These demographic effects of rainfall on adult reproductive traits may come from maternal effects of climate conditions and/or from delayed effects of rainfall on the environment experienced early in life. Irrespective of the precise mechanism, however, this study provides evidence of intergenerational climate effects in natural populations of an ectothermic vertebrate. 相似文献
207.
Oromi N Marquis O Miaud C Sanuy D 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(1):135-137
Several experiments have shown that ambient ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) has negative effects on the development of amphibians' embryos. We studied the effects of UV-B radiation on development, survival and frequency of deformity during egg development in the Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) from a semiarid region of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). Eggs exposed to ambient levels of UV-B and those protected from UV-B with a filter exhibited similar developmental rate, mortality rate and frequency of developmental anomalies. These experiments show that eggs of Bufo calamita of the studied population are able to develop normally during embryonic period when exposed to current high levels of UV-B observed in Catalonia. These results will be used as reference for future studies on geographic variation in UV-B tolerance in this species. 相似文献
208.
In several vertebrate taxa, males and females differ in the proportions of time they individually devote to vigilance, commonly
attributed to sex differences in intra-specific competition or in absolute energy requirements. However, an effect of sex
on collective vigilance is less often studied (and therefore rarely predicted), despite being relevant to any consideration
of the adaptiveness of mixed- vs single-sex grouping. Controlling for group size, we studied the effect of sex on vigilance
in the sexually dimorphic eastern grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus, analysing vigilance at two structural levels: individual vigilance and the group’s collective vigilance. Knowing that group
members in this species tend to synchronise their bouts of vigilance, we tested (for the first time) whether sex affects the
degree of synchrony between group members. We found that females were individually more vigilant than males and that their
vigilance rate was unaffected by the presence of males. Collective vigilance did not differ between female-only and mixed-sex
groups of the same size. Vigilance in mixed-sex groups was neither more nor less synchronous than in single-sex groups of
females, and the presence of males seemed not to affect the degree of synchrony between females. Sixty-six percent of vigilant
acts were unique (performed when no other kangaroo was alert), and only about one unique vigilant act in every three induced
a collective wave of vigilance. The proportions of vigilant acts that were unique were 60% for females but only 46% for males.
However, the sexes differed little in the rates at which their unique vigilant acts were copied. This limited study shows
that the differences in vigilance between male and female kangaroos had no discernible effect upon collective vigilance. 相似文献
209.
Péron Olivier Suzuki-Muresan Tomo Abdillahi Danis Gaudin Pierre Abdelouas Abdesselam Lebeau Thierry 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):521-526
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Radioactive Cs contamination is a major concern in case of a nuclear accident such as the Fukushima accident in 2011. Remediation methods have been proposed... 相似文献
210.
Nasri Emna Machreki Monia Beltifa Asma Aroui Sonia Ghorbel Asma Saad Amina Feriani Anouar Borgi Mohamed Ali Ghazouani Lakhdar Sire Olivier Balcázar José Luis Mansour Hedi Ben 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20422-20428
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hospital wastewaters contain large amounts of pharmaceutical residues, which may eventually be discharged into the aquatic environment through... 相似文献