南水北调中线工程与汉江中下游地区农业的持续发展

南水北调中线工程是指从汉江的丹江口水库引水供给华北地区,同时考虑鄂,豫两省汉江唐白河流域和淮河流域的需水要求的战略性工程,是调整水资源的空白布局,解决我国北方缺水问题的紧迫任务。汉江中下游地区是湖北省的粮仓和重要的产业基地,是汉江流域经济发展的中心。由于调水的影响,汉江丹江口以下的流量及季节性分配将发生变化,航运,水质,农业灌溉,工业生产以及城市发展等将受到不同程度的影响,直接关系到汉江中下游地区     

Study Progress and Trends of Strategic Environmental Assessment in China

Abstract

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in China has developed rapidly since it was introduced into China in the 1990s. Chinese government promulgated the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of China (hereinafter referred to as the EIA Law) in 2002. In this law, it is stipulated clearly that regional and sector plans should be assessed. Through investigating materials and analyzing literatures, this article analyses the practical and academic study achievements of SEA in China that have been achieved since the EIA Law was implemented, probes into the current situation of the main level of SEA in China—plan EIA, then summarizes the development characteristics, and eventually, puts forward the development trends of SEA in China. The research conclusions can offer the foundations for comprehending systematically the progress of SEA in China.     

论中国的环境政策

对中国环境政策文字表述形式进行论述，指出中国环境政策基本原则包括：环境与经济、社会协调、持续发展原则、环境责任原则，预防为主，防治结合，综合整治原则，环境民主原则，等等。对中国环境政策的基本特征进行分析，从环境经济政策，环境技术政策，环境社会政策，环境行政政策、国际环境政策探讨了中国环境政策的体系结构。对中国环境政策存在的问题进行研究，指出中国环境政策的制定机制还不够健全、环境政策目标与现实可行性     

Characterization and biodegradation kinetics of a new cold-adapted carbamazepine-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. CBZ-4

Carbamazepine is frequently detected in waters and hardly eliminated during conventional wastewater treatment processes due to its complicated chemical structure and resistance to biodegradation. A carbamazepine-degrading bacterium named CBZ-4 was isolated at a low temperature （10℃） from activated sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Strain CBZ-4, which can use carbamazepine as its sole source of carbon and energy, was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The composition and percentage of fatty acids, which can reveal the cold-adaptation mechanism of strain CBZ-4, were determined. Strain CBZ-4 can effectively degrade carbamazepine at optimal conditions： pH 7.0, 10℃, 150 r/min rotation speed, and 13% inoculation volume. The average removal rate of carbamazepine was 46.6% after 144 hr of incubation. The biodegradation kinetics of carbamazepine by CBZ-4 was fitted via the Monod model. Vmax and Ks were found to be 0.0094 hr^-1 and 32.5 mg/L, respectively.     

新乡市声环境质量现状及其改善对策研究

以中原城市群强市-新乡市为例,介绍城市环境噪声的声源构成主要以工业噪声和社会生活噪声为主。随着城镇化规模的扩大,近年来的噪声监测值总体呈下降趋势,但道路交通噪声和社会生活噪声有增高趋势。结合声环境质量现状,提出了合理规划功能区布局、加强声环境管理、利用城市绿地降低噪声、提高单体建筑规划设计水平等改善对策措施。     

稻草快速腐熟及盆栽试验初报

采用实验室培养发酵、谱学分析、盆栽试验的方法 ,研究了化学前处理、化学 -生物联用处理对稻草腐熟效果的影响。结果表明 ,稻草经化学熟化剂A、B预处理 2 4h后 ,其IR结晶指数从 1 1 0 5分别下降到 1 0 4 6、1 0 79;经化学 -生物联用技术处理 ,大大加速稻草腐热 ,其中化学熟化剂A -生物熟化剂A联用处理 ,可使稻草在 1 4d内腐熟。水稻增产 1 0 %以上。     

关于推进中国绿色造船模式的思考

随着世界经济的发展和全球经济一体化的不断推进,作为主要运输途径的航运业得到了快速地发展,随之而来的是全球造船业的蓬勃发展.介绍了国际与国内造船业与造船技术的发展情况,指出了中国传统造船业在资源利用及环境保护中存在的不足,简述了造船业中在节约资源方面和减少污染方面所做的工作,提出了改善管理、降低物资和能源的消耗、提高资源的利用率等概念和方法,为推进中国绿色造船模式业发展提供一定的指导.     

城市污泥毒性有机物对草履虫综合毒性研究

本文以好氧发酵处理前、后城市污泥中毒性有机物提取液为实验液，以草履虫为实验动物进行了综合毒性研究。结果表明：好氧发酵前的实验液对草履虫的半致死浓度为５５９３ｍｇ／ｌ，发酵后的实验液对草履虫的半致死浓度为５６０５３ｍｇ／ｌ。     

某卷烟厂卷接机组集中风力与除尘系统的应用

结合贵州某卷烟厂技术改造实践，采用集中工艺风力和除尘技术，对PASSIM和SUPER9卷接机组的工艺风力供给方式和除尘系统进行了改进。对于系统的结构、可靠性、调节性、稳定性进行了分析，改造后集中风力系统较常规风力系统在经济效益和工作环境上具有显著优势，降低了运行成本。     

RISK IN IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY AND THE EFFECTS ON FOOD PRODUCTION1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines irrigation water supply deficit and associated risk indicators due to random climate events and potential effects on irrigated food production during the period 1996 to 2025 for seven river basins in the USA, China, and India. An integrated water and food model with global scope is applied for the analysis. The global climate regime during 1961 to 1990 is used to generate 30 climatic scenarios for the time period 1996 to 2025, and these scenarios are applied to the model in order to characterize the randomness of precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration, which affects both irrigation water supply and demand. The risk with random climate events is represented by reliability, variability, and vulnerability from different perspectives. Regarding irrigation water supply, Colorado will bear an increasingly unstable situation although the average water supply relative to the demand will maintain at a relatively high level; selected basins in China and India indicate that significantly lower levels of reliability and more deleterious affects from drought can be expected, but under a less variable condition due to assumed water storage increase. From 1996 to 2025, the effects of water deficits on irrigated food production are characterized with a nonlinear phenomenon and food production loss will be more sensitive to irrigation water supply deficit in the future. Future work following this paper needs to consider the impact of global climate change and the water quality of the irrigation return flow and result verification by local studies.