初级基质对降解菌Pseudomonas putida共代谢苯扎贝特的影响

通过对3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法测定还原糖含量各影响因素的筛选,优化确定了显色时间8 min,稳定时间10 min,最佳波长490 nm下进行吸光度测定的检测方法;分析分别以葡萄糖和麦芽糖作为外加碳源时,降解菌Pseudomonas putida B-31的生长情况和共代谢降解典型药物苯扎贝特(BZF)的过程。结果表明,降解菌只有在外加碳源的条件下才可正常生长,而且其在葡萄糖环境中生长得更好;拟合得到的葡萄糖、麦芽糖和BZF代谢动力学结果显示,葡萄糖对BZF去除的促进作用更为明显,同时从葡萄糖培养基中降解菌所提取的酶比活力要高于麦芽糖培养基,分析原因可能是葡萄糖所诱导的降解菌关键酶活力更强,而且还可能会产生不同的蛋白质点位。     

微生物絮凝剂与聚合氯化铝复配处理涂料废水的响应面优化

采用响应面分析法对聚合氯化铝(PAC)与污泥生产的微生物絮凝剂复配处理涂料废水的过程进行了优化,设定的响应值为COD和色度去除率。实验分别拟合了关于COD去除率和色度去除率的二次模型,根据响应值的分布情况,确定涂料废水的最佳絮凝条件为微生物絮凝剂浓度47 mg/L,PAC浓度39 mg/L,pH为8.2,CaCl2浓度0.38 g/L,搅拌速度210 r/min。最佳絮凝条件下,微生物絮凝剂对涂料废水中COD和色度的去除率分别达到77.6%和68.9%。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in various bird species from northern China

Little data are available on organochlorine contamination in Chinese terrestrial birds of prey. This study examined the presence of PCBs, DDTs and other organochlorine pesticides in various raptors from northern China. DDE exhibited the highest concentrations among targeted compounds. Greatest levels (23.5-1020 mg/kg lipid weight) were observed in Eurasian sparrowhawks. This may be due to their stopover in southeastern China, where high DDT and dicofol applications have been documented. Residential kestrels exhibited much lower DDE, but similar PCB and HCH concentrations. ΣTEQs and PCB-126/-77 concentration ratios exhibited significant positive correlations with ΣPCB concentrations, respectively. Similar results were also demonstrated by a meta-analysis of previously published data across avian species. Possible hepatic sequestration of coplanar PCB-77, -126, -169 and -118 was observed as liver TEQs increased in Eurasian sparrowhawks. These observations may indicate an induction of CYP1A enzymes, as a result of elevated contamination in some species.     

碳羟基磷灰石对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

利用废弃蛋壳为原材料,水热法合成碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP),并利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱分析手段对其结构进行了表征.将CHAP作为含铬废水的吸附剂,考察了pH、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附时间等对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附行为的影响.结果表明,初始质量浓度为50 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液,在常温(22±2) ℃、溶液pH为3.0、CHAP用量为5 g/L时,30 min基本达到吸附平衡,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为98.3%,饱和吸附容量达29.85 mg/g.CHAP对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式和Freundlich吸附等温式,相关系数分别为0.998 4和0.922 6.通过10%(体积分数)H2SO4对吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的CHAP进行再生,再生率最高达95.8%.     

好氧-缺氧-闲置运行模式处理生活污水

在3个序批式反应器中,利用好氧-缺氧-闲置的运行模式处理实际生活污水,比较了不同曝气时间（2、3和4h）条件下的处理效果,结果表明,在R2（2 h）反应器中成功实现了单级好氧除磷和内聚物驱动的短程硝化反硝化。采用此反应器运行模式,对实际生活污水进行长期处理,反应器的COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为85.29%、74.09%和87.97%。本研究表明,在好氧-缺氧-闲置的运行模式下处理生活污水,能成功地实现单级好氧除磷与内聚物驱动的短程硝化反硝化的结合,并且在长期运行的过程中,能稳定地取得较好的脱氮、除磷效率。     

矿山生态环境恢复治理保证金制度在迁安的实践

以迁安市矿山环境恢复治理保证金制度实施情况及效果的调查为基础,总结了迁安市的成功实践经验,强化全社会对资源环境问题的认识,健全矿山生态环境建设责任制,建立矿山生态环境保护与治理数据库,提高矿山环境治理的技术水平。     

氨水土壤混合物脱除CO2温室气体的实验研究

为了脱除CO2温室气体,提出了利用氨水土壤混合物去除CO2的新方法.分别考察了土壤颗粒粒径、CO2初始流量、氨水浓度(质量比)和温度对CO2脱除量和脱除率的影响.实验结果表明,该方法去除CO2的量较土壤物理吸附量和氨水化学吸收量的总和提高了大约15%;随着氨水浓度的增大,CO2的脱除率和脱除量都增大;随着土壤颗粒粒径和CO2初始流量的增大,CO2的脱除率和脱除量都减小;当温度由22℃升高到31℃,CO2的脱除率随着温度的升高而增大,但是继续升高温度到40 ℃,CO2的脱除率反而下降.     

An observational study of the HONO–NO2 coupling at an urban site in Guangzhou City,South China

The temporal behavior of HONO and NO₂ was investigated at an urban site in Guangzhou city, China, by means of a DOAS system during the Pearl River Delta 2006 intensive campaign from 10 to 24 July 2006. Within the whole measurement period, unexpected high HONO mixing ratios up to 2 ppb were observed even during the day. A nocturnal maximum concentration of about 8.43 ± 0.4 ppb was detected on the night of 24 July 2006. Combining the data simultaneously observed by different instruments, the coupling of HONO–NO₂ and the possible formation sources of HONO are discussed. During the measurement period, concentration ratios of HONO to NO₂ ranged from (0.03 ± 0.1) to (0.37 ± 0.09), which is significantly higher than previously reported values (0.01–0.1). Surprisingly, in most cases a strong daytime correlation between HONO and NO₂ was found, contrary to previous observations in China. Aerosol was found to have a minor impact on HONO formation during the whole measurement period. Using a pseudo steady state approach for interpreting the nocturnal conversion of NO₂ to HONO suggests a non-negligible role of the relative humidity for the heterogeneous HONO formation from NO₂.     

微波无极紫外光催化-内电解协同降解活性艳红X-3B

采用微波无极紫外光源,以活性炭作为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理活性艳红X-3B模拟废水.实验结果表明,微波无极紫外光催化-内电解法对活性艳红X-3B的降解速率是微波无极紫外光催化和微波-内电解法单独作用时降解速率之和的2倍.在活性艳红X-3B模拟废水初始pH为7、空气曝气量为0.50 L/min、铁屑加入量为5 g/L、反应温度为40～45℃的最佳条件下,微波无极紫外光催化-内电解法的活性艳红X-3B模拟废水色度去除率达100%,TOC和可吸附有机卤化物的去除率分别为69.5%和81.8%.     

实时荧光定量PCR对A2/O短程硝化系统内氨氧化菌的定量分析

通过控制好氧区低DO浓度以及缩短好氧实际水力停留时间(actual hydraulic retention time,AHRT),在处理低C/N比实际生活污水的A2/O工艺中,成功启动并维持了短程硝化反硝化;系统亚硝酸盐积累率稳定维持在90%左右,氨氮去除率在95%以上。通过提取富集氨氧化菌(ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)的基因组DNA,经两次常规PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳,以纯化回收的DNA扩增片段作为实时荧光定量PCR检测AOB数量的DNA标准品,建立了检测AOB数量的实时荧光定量PCR标准曲线。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术比较了A2/O系统在不同运行条件及亚硝酸盐积累率情况下AOB菌群数量。结果表明,随着系统亚硝酸盐积累率的上升,系统内AOB菌群数量也大幅上升。全程硝化和短程硝化时,系统内的AOB菌群数量分别为5.28×109cells/g MLVSS和3.95×1010cells/g MLVSS。此外,亚硝酸盐积累率的下降相对于AOB菌群数量的下降有一定的滞后性。