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排序方式: 共有154条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
92.
Paschke A Vrana B Popp P Schüürmann G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(2):414-422
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibres coated with Carbowax/divinylbenzene and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) of standard configuration were used to obtain time-weighted average (TWA) field air concentrations of selected chlorinated semi-volatile compounds on a landfill, where large amounts of lindane by-products were deposited, together with other hazardous chemical residues in the past. Additionally, spot sampling with SPME fibres was performed to identify the emission hotspot and sampling rates were determined/predicted for the substances of interest. Both samplers yield comparable TWA air concentrations of lindane and its isomers and of DDT with its metabolites and gain in certainty about the landfill as remaining source of air pollution with these compounds in the region. Both SPME fibres and SPMDs (respective their modifications) can be recommended as sampling tools in process studies and larger air monitoring programmes. However, further calibration studies and field tests are necessary to obtain reliable sampling rates for a wider range of semi-volatile compounds. 相似文献
93.
94.
Wenjie Ren Ying Teng Qixing Zhou Albrecht Paschke Gerrit Schüürmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11587-11597
Sorption interaction of chlorimuron-ethyl with montmorillonite clays was investigated under varied types of exchangeable cation, pH, and ionic strength conditions. Chlorimuron-ethyl sorption on bentonites exhibited pronounced cation dependency, and the sorption ability increased as the sequence Ca2+- < Na+- < Al3+- < Fe3+-bentonite, due to different sorption mechanisms, whereas the cation dependency was influenced by the clay type and much weaker for montmorillonites. The decrease of pH at the range of 4.0–6.0 prominently increased sorption of chlorimuron-ethyl on all cation-exchanged montmorillonite clays, and nearly a neglected sorption (about 2 %) can be observed at pH over 7.0. In the presence of CaCl2, sorption of chlorimuron-ethyl on Fe3+-bentonite was promoted because of complexion of Ca2+ and the surface of Fe3+-bentonite. However, as the concentration of CaCl2 increased, chlorimuron-ethyl sorption on Ca2+- and Fe3+-exchanged bentonite decreased, suggesting that Ca bridging was not the prevailing mechanism for sorption of chlorimuron-ethyl on these clays. Furthermore, chlorimuron-ethyl sorption was relatively sensitive to pH, and the change of pH may obscure effect of other factors on the sorption, so it was quite necessary to control pH at a constant value when the effect of other factor was being studied. 相似文献
95.
Matthew A. Albrecht Oyomoare L. Osazuwa-Peters Joyce Maschinski Timothy J. Bell Marlin L. Bowles William E. Brumback Janice Duquesnel Michael Kunz Jimmy Lange Kimberlie A. McCue A. Kathryn McEachern Sheila Murray Peggy Olwell Noel B. Pavlovic Cheryl L. Peterson Jennifer Possley John L. Randall Samuel J. Wright 《Conservation biology》2019,33(3):601-611
Reintroductions are important components of conservation and recovery programs for rare plant species, but their long-term success rates are poorly understood. Previous reviews of plant reintroductions focused on short-term (e.g., ≤3 years) survival and flowering of founder individuals rather than on benchmarks of intergenerational persistence, such as seedling recruitment. However, short-term metrics may obscure outcomes because the unique demographic properties of reintroductions, including small size and unstable stage structure, could create lags in population growth. We used time-to-event analysis on a database of unusually well-monitored and long-term (4–28 years) reintroductions of 27 rare plant species to test whether life-history traits and population characteristics of reintroductions create time-lagged responses in seedling recruitment (i.e., recruitment time lags [RTLs]), an important benchmark of success and indicator of persistence in reintroduced populations. Recruitment time lags were highly variable among reintroductions, ranging from <1 to 17 years after installation. Recruitment patterns matched predictions from life-history theory with short-lived species (fast species) exhibiting consistently shorter and less variable RTLs than long-lived species (slow species). Long RTLs occurred in long-lived herbs, especially in grasslands, whereas short RTLs occurred in short-lived subtropical woody plants and annual herbs. Across plant life histories, as reproductive adult abundance increased, RTLs decreased. Highly variable RTLs were observed in species with multiple reintroduction events, suggesting local processes are just as important as life-history strategy in determining reintroduction outcomes. Time lags in restoration outcomes highlight the need to scale success benchmarks in reintroduction monitoring programs with plant life-history strategies and the unique demographic properties of restored populations. Drawing conclusions on the long-term success of plant reintroduction programs is premature given that demographic processes in species with slow life-histories take decades to unfold. 相似文献
96.
Reyer Christopher P.O Otto Ilona M. Adams Sophie Albrecht Torsten Baarsch Florent Cartsburg Matti Coumou Dim Eden Alexander Ludi Eva Marcus Rachel Mengel Matthias Mosello Beatrice Robinson Alexander Schleussner Carl-Friedrich Serdeczny Olivia Stagl Judith 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(6):1639-1650
Regional Environmental Change - This paper synthesizes what is known about the physical and biophysical impacts of climate change and their consequences for societies and development under... 相似文献
97.
Despite a reasonable scientific interest in sexual selection, the general principles of health signalisation via ornamental
traits remain still unresolved in many aspects. This is also true for the mechanism preserving honesty of carotenoid-based
signals. Although it is widely accepted that this type of ornamentation reflects an allocation trade-off between the physiological
utilisation of carotenoids (mainly in antioxidative processes) and their deposition in ornaments, some recent evidence suggests
more complex interactions. Here, we further develop the models currently proposed to explain the honesty of carotenoid-based
signalisation of heath status by adding the handicap principle concept regulated by testosterone. We propose that under certain
circumstances carotenoids may be dangerous for the organism because they easily transform into toxic cleavage products. When
reserves of other protective antioxidants are insufficient, physiological trade-offs may exist between maintenance of carotenoids
for ornament expression and their removal from the body. Furthermore, we suggest that testosterone which enhances ornamentation
by increasing carotenoid bioavailability may also promote oxidative stress and hence lower antioxidant reserves. The presence
of high levels of carotenoids required for high-quality ornament expression may therefore represent a handicap and only individuals
in prime health could afford to produce elaborate colourful ornaments. Although further testing is needed, this ‘carotenoid
maintenance handicap’ hypothesis may offer a new insight into the physiological aspects of the relationship between carotenoid
function, immunity and ornamentation. 相似文献
98.
Gunold R Schäfer RB Paschke A Schüürmann G Liess M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(1):52-60
Passive sampling is a powerful method for continuous pollution monitoring, but calibration experiments are still needed to generate sampling rates in order to estimate water concentrations for polar compounds. We calibrated the Chemcatcher device with an uncovered SDB-XC Empore disk as receiving phase for 12 polar and semi-polar pesticides in aquatic environments in flow-through tank experiments at two water flow velocities (0.135 m/s and 0.4 m/s). In the 14-day period of exposure the uptake of test substances in the sampler remained linear, and all derived sampling rates R(s) were in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 L/day. By additionally monitoring the release of two preloaded polar pesticides from the SDB-XC disks over time, very high variation in release kinetics was found, which calls into question the applicability of performance reference compounds. Our study expands the applicability of the Chemcatcher for monitoring trace concentrations of pesticides with frequent occurrence in water. 相似文献
99.
Hermann Fromme Wolfgang Krner Nabil Shahin Antonia Wanner Michael Albrecht Sigrun Boehmer Harun Parlar Richard Mayer Bernhard Liebl Gabriele Bolte 《Environment international》2009,35(8):1125-1135
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are used as flame retardants in a wide variety of products. As part of the Integrated Exposure Assessment Survey (INES), this study aimed to characterize the exposure of an adult German population using duplicate diet samples, which were collected daily over seven consecutive days, and indoor air and house dust measurements. Our study population consisted of 27 female and 23 male healthy subjects, aged 14–60 years, all of whom resided in 34 homes in southern Bavaria. In these 34 residences the air was sampled using glass fiber filters and polyurethane foams and the dust was collected from used vacuum cleaner bags.The median (95th percentile) daily dietary intake of six Tetra- to HeptaBDE congeners was 1.2 ng/kg b.w. (3.3 ng/kg b.w.) or 67.8 ng/day (208 ng/day) (calculated from the 7-day median values of each study subject). Concentrations in indoor air and dust (cumulative Tri- to DecaBDE congener readings) ranged from 8.2 to 477 pg/m³ (median: 37.8 pg/m³) and 36.6 to 1580 ng/g (median: 386 ng/g), respectively. For some congeners, we identified a significant correlation between air and dust levels.The median (95th percentile) blood concentration of total Tetra- to HexaBDE congener readings was 5.6 (13.2) ng/g lipid. No significant sex differences were observed, but higher blood concentrations were found in younger participants. Using a simplified toxicokinetic model to predict the body burden from exposure doses led to results that were of the same order of magnitude as the measured blood concentrations.Based on these measurements and given our exposure assumptions, we estimated for the total tetra- to heptabrominated congener count an average (high) comprehensive total daily intake of 1.2 ng/kg b.w. (2.5 ng/kg b.w.). Overall, our results suggest that dietary exposure is the dominant intake pathway at least in our study population, responsible for 97% (average intake) and 95% (high intake) of the total intake of an adult population. 相似文献
100.
Remy Albrecht Claude Périssol Florence Ruaudel Jean Le Petit Gérard Terrom 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(5):764-770
Microbial communities in sewage sludge and green waste co-composting were investigated using culture-dependent methods and community level physiological profiles (CLPP) with Biolog Microplate. Different microbial groups characterized each stage of composting. Bacterial densities were high from beginning to end of composting, whereas actinomycete densities increased only after bio-oxidation phase i.e. after 40 days. Fungal populations become particularly high during the last stage of decomposition. Cluster analyses of metabolic profiles revealed a similar separation between two groups of composts at 67 days for bacteria and fungi. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to bacterial and fungal CLPP data showed a chronological distribution of composts with two phases. The first one (before 67 days), where the composts were characterized by the rapid decomposition of non-humic biodegradable organic matter, was significantly correlated to the decrease of C, C/N, organic matter (OM), fulvic acid (FA), respiration, cellulase, protease, phenoloxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases activities. The second phase corresponding to the formation of polycondensed humic-like substances was significantly correlated to humic acid (HA) content, pH and HA/FA. The influent substrates selected on both factorial maps showed that microbial communities could adapt their metabolic capacities to the particular environment. The first phase seems to be focused on easily degradable substrate utilization whereas the maturation phase appears as multiple metabolisms, which induce the release of metabolites and their polymerization leading to humification processes. 相似文献