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排序方式: 共有129条查询结果,搜索用时 208 毫秒
121.
122.
Fritz Braun 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1930,18(16):357-358
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Reactively Compatibilized Cellulosic Polylactide Microcomposites 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Birgit Braun John R. Dorgan Daniel M. Knauss 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(1):49-58
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) possesses a suite of favorable material properties that are enabling its penetration into diverse
markets (e.g., as packaging material or textile fibers). In order to increase the range of applications for this material,
it is necessary to modify its properties and for certain applications, reduce its cost. The introduction of fibers into a
polymeric matrix is an established route towards property enhancement provided good dispersion and intimate interfacial adhesion
can be achieved. In addition, cellulosic microfibers are obtainable at low to moderate cost. In this study, reactive compatibilization
of cellulosic fibers with PLA is pursued. Hydroxyl groups available on the surface of cellulosic fibers are used to initiate
lactide polymerization. Various processing strategies are investigated: (1) blending preformed PLA with the fiber material,
(2) through a one-step process in which lactide is polymerized in the presence of the fibers alone, or (3) reactive compatibilization
in the presence of preformed high molecular weight polymer. The results show that materials prepared by simultaneous introduction
of lactide and preformed high molecular PLA at the beginning of the reaction possess superior mechanical properties compared
to composites made by either purely mechanical mixing or solely polymerization of lactide in the presence of fibers. The modulus
of materials containing 25% fibers which are prepared by reactive compatibilization of 30% preformed PLA and 70% lactide (30/70
P/L) improves by 53% compared to the homopolymer, whereas 36% reinforcement can be achieved upon purely mechanical mixing.
A further increase to 35% fiber loading leads to a reduction in modulus due to an excess in initiating groups. The same trend
was observed in systems containing 65% preformed PLA and 35% lactide (65/35 P/L) with an overall achievable reinforcement
that was slightly lower. 相似文献
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Application of nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) for groundwater remediation in Europe 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Mueller NC Braun J Bruns J Černík M Rissing P Rickerby D Nowack B 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):550-558
Purpose
Nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) is emerging as a new option for the treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater targeting mainly chlorinated organic contaminants (e.g., solvents, pesticides) and inorganic anions or metals. The purpose of this article is to give a short overview of the practical experience with NZVI applications in Europe and to present a comparison to the situation in the USA. Furthermore, the reasons for the difference in technology use are discussed. 相似文献128.
129.
A method for a photochemically induced mineralization of CCl4 is described in which use is made of reductive radicals. The UVC-photolysis (254 nm) of H2O2 added to aqueous solutions of CCl4 is leading to the homolysis of the oxidant yielding hydroxyl radicals (HO) that subsequently react with added methanol to generate hydroxymethyl radicals (CH2OH). The latter radicals initiate mineralization of CCl4 by reductive C-Cl bond splitting. CHCl3, C2Cl4 and C2Cl6 were found as reaction intermediates, but are quantitatively depleted in a parallel oxidative reaction manifold leading to mineralization. Carbon dioxide radical anion, CO2(-), an intermediate in the mineralization pathway of methanol, is also shown to initiate the mineralization of CCl4 by reductive dechlorination. A reaction mechanism is proposed and validated with computer simulations of all the experimental results. 相似文献