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51.
Smith PN Cobb GP Godard-Codding C Hoff D McMurry ST Rainwater TR Reynolds KD 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,150(1):41-64
Here we review mechanisms and factors influencing contaminant exposure among terrestrial vertebrate wildlife. There exists a complex mixture of biotic and abiotic factors that dictate potential for contaminant exposure among terrestrial and semi-terrestrial vertebrates. Chemical fate and transport in the environment determine contaminant bioaccessibility. Species-specific natural history characteristics and behavioral traits then play significant roles in the likelihood that exposure pathways, from source to receptor, are complete. Detailed knowledge of natural history traits of receptors considered in conjunction with the knowledge of contaminant behavior and distribution on a site are critical when assessing and quantifying exposure. We review limitations in our understanding of elements of exposure and the unique aspects of exposure associated with terrestrial and semi-terrestrial taxa. We provide insight on taxa-specific traits that contribute, or limit exposure to, transport phenomenon that influence exposure throughout terrestrial systems, novel contaminants, bioavailability, exposure data analysis, and uncertainty associated with exposure in wildlife risk assessments. Lastly, we identify areas related to exposure among terrestrial and semi-terrestrial organisms that warrant additional research. 相似文献
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V. Nataf M. V. Senat M. Albert L. Bidat P. de Mazancourt J. Roume L. Allard D. Le Tessier Y. Ville J. Selva 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(8):675-680
Male phenotype associated with a 45,X karyotype is an infrequent finding. We present a case diagnosed prenatally on amniocentesis performed for maternal age. The male phenotype was associated with a translocation of a distal part of Yp including the pseudoautosomal SHOX gene and SRY gene on the short arm of a chromosome 21. By DNA analysis we could show that the X chromosome was of maternal origin and that the breakpoint was in interval 3 of the Y chromosome. Mechanisms and genetic counselling are discussed based on a review of published cases of 45,X and XX males. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Daytime sampling of mangrove and seagrass (Halophila/Halodule community) habitats every 7 wk at Alligator Creek, Queensland, Australia, over a period of 13 mo (February 1985–February
1986) using two types of seine net, revealed distinct mangrove and seagrass fish and crustacean faunas. Total abundance of
fish and relative abundance of small and large fish also varied between habitats and seasonally. Post-larval, juvenile and
small adult fish captured with a small seine-net (3 mm mesh) were significantly more abundant (4 to 10 times) in the mangrove
habitat throughout the 13 mo of sampling. Mangrove fish abundance showed significant seasonality, greatest catches being recorded
in the warm, wet-season months of the year. Relative abundances of larger fish (captured in a seine net with 18 mm mesh) in
the two habitats varied throughout the year, but did not show a seasonal pattern. At the same site, small crustaceans were
significantly more abundant in the mangroves in all but one dryseason sample. Similar comparisons for three riverine sites,
sampled less frequently, in the dry and wet seasons of 1985 and 1986, respectively, showed that in general mangrove habitats
had significantly more fish per sample, although the relative abundance of fish in mangroves and other habitats changed with
season. Crustacean catches showed a similar pattern, except that densities among sites changed with season. Fish and crustacean
abundance in mangroves varied among sites, indicating that estuaries differ in their nursery-ground value. The juveniles of
two commercially important penaeid prawn species (Penaeus merguiensis and Metapenaeus ensis) were amongst the top three species of crustaceans captured in the study, and both were significantly more abundant in the
mangrove habitat. By contrast, mangroves could not be considered an important nursery for juveniles of commercially important
fish species in northern Australia. However, based on comparisons of fish catches in other regions, the results of the present
study indicate the importance of mangroves as nursery sites for commercially exploited fish stocks elsewhere in South-East
Asia.
Contribution No. 378 from the Australian Institute of Marine Science 相似文献
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Data on the existence of a specific system regulating the growth, size, and structure of enterobacterial populations are first summarized in terms of the chemical ecology concept formulated by S.S. Shvarts. The role of this system in transgene functioning is described using the example of the lux operon integrated into Escherichia coli. A relatively simple test for estimating such interactions is proposed.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 2, 2005, pp. 91–96.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Pshenichnov, Maslennikova, Nikitina. 相似文献
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