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81.
82.
Ait-Mouheb Nassim Bahri Akiça Thayer Bechir Ben Benyahia Boumediene Bourrié Guilhem Cherki Brahim Condom Nicolas Declercq Rémi Gunes Adem Héran Marc Kitir Nurgul Molle Bruno Patureau Dominique Pollice Alfieri Rapaport Alain Renault Pierre Riahi Khalifa Romagny Bruno Sari Tewfik Sinfort Carole Steyer Jean-Philippe Talozi Samer Topcuoglu Bulent Turan Metin Wéry Nathalie Yıldırım Ertan Harmand Jérôme 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):693-705
Regional Environmental Change - Climate change and a growing population around the Mediterranean Rim are increasing the need for water and, consequently, the pressure on resources in terms of both... 相似文献
83.
Bastian Herzog Hilde Lemmer Bettina Huber Harald Horn Elisabeth Müller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2795-2804
The intensive use of benzotriazoles as corrosion inhibitors for various applications and their application in dishwasher detergents result in an almost omnipresence of benzotriazole (BTri), 4-methyl- and 5-methyl-benzotriazole (4-TTri and 5-TTri, respectively) in aquatic systems. This study aims on the evaluation of the biodegradation potential of activated sludge communities (ASCs) toward the three benzotriazoles regarding aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions and different nutrients. ASCs were taken from three wastewater treatment plants with different technologies, namely, a membrane bioreactor (MBR-MH), a conventional activated sludge plant CAS-E (intermittent nitrification/denitrification), and CAS-M (two-stage activated sludge treatment) and used for inoculation of biodegradation setups. All ASCs eliminated up to 30 mg L?1 5-TTri and BTri under aerobic conditions within 2–7 and 21–49 days, respectively, but not under anoxic or anaerobic conditions. 4-TTri was refractory at all conditions tested. Significant differences were observed for BTri biodegradation with non-acclimated ASCs from MBR-MH with 21 days, CAS-E with 41 days, and CAS-M with 49 days. Acclimated ASCs removed BTri within 7 days. Furthermore, different carbon and nitrogen concentrations revealed that nitrogen was implicitly required for biodegradation while carbon showed no such effect. The fastest biodegradation occurred for 5-TTri with no need for acclimatization, followed by BTri. BTri showed sludge-specific biodegradation patterns, but, after sludge acclimation, was removed with the same pattern, regardless of the sludge used. Under anaerobic conditions in the presence of different electron acceptors, none of the three compounds showed biological removal. Thus, presumably, aerobic biodegradation is the major removal mechanism in aquatic systems. 相似文献
84.
Carole Bedos Sophie Génermont Edith Le Cadre Lucas Garcia Enrique Barriuso Pierre Cellier 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(22-23):3630-3639
Volatilization of pesticides participates in atmospheric contamination and affects environmental ecosystems including human welfare. Modelling at relevant time and spatial scales is needed to better understand the complex processes involved in pesticide volatilization. Volt'Air-Pesticides has been developed following a two-step procedure to study pesticide volatilization at the field scale and at a quarter time step. Firstly, Volt'Air-NH3 was adapted by extending the initial transfer of solutes to pesticides and by adding specific calculations for physico-chemical equilibriums as well as for the degradation of pesticides in soil. Secondly, the model was evaluated in terms of 3 pesticides applied on bare soil (atrazine, alachlor, and trifluralin) which display a wide range of volatilization rates. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the relevance of tuning to Kh. Then, using Volt'Air-Pesticides, environmental conditions and emission fluxes of the pesticides were compared to fluxes measured under 2 environmental conditions. The model fairly well described water temporal dynamics, soil surface temperature, and energy budget. Overall, Volt'Air-Pesticides estimates of the order of magnitude of the volatilization flux of all three compounds were in good agreement with the field measurements. The model also satisfactorily simulated the decrease in the volatilization rate of the three pesticides during night-time as well as the decrease in the soil surface residue of trifluralin before and after incorporation. However, the timing of the maximum flux rate during the day was not correctly described, thought to be linked to an increased adsorption under dry soil conditions. Thanks to Volt'Air's capacity to deal with pedo-climatic conditions, several existing parameterizations describing adsorption as a function of soil water content could be tested. However, this point requires further investigation. Practically speaking, Volt'Air-Pesticides can be a useful tool to make decision about agricultural practices such as incorporation or for the estimation of overall pesticide volatilization rates, and it holds promise for time specific dynamics. 相似文献
85.
Metabolism of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in plants—two independent pathways result in the formation of a glutathione and a glucose conjugate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christian Huber Bernadett Bartha Rudolf Harpaintner Peter Schröder 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(2):206-213
Background, aim, and scope Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are detected in the aquatic environment and our drinking water supplies. The need for
high quality drinking water is one of the most challenging problems of our times, but still only little knowledge exists on
the impact of these compounds on ecosystems, animals, and man. Biological waste water treatment in constructed wetlands is
an effective and low-cost alternative, especially for the treatment of non-industrial, municipal waste water. In this situation,
plants get in contact with pharmaceutical compounds and have to tackle their detoxification. The mechanisms for the detoxification
of xenobiotics in plants are closely related to the mammalian system. An activation reaction (phase I) is followed by a conjugation
(phase II) with hydrophilic molecules like glutathione or glucose. Phase III reactions can be summarized as storage, degradation,
and transport of the xenobiotic conjugate. Until now, there is no information available on the fate of pharmaceuticals in
plants. In this study, we want to investigate the fate and metabolism of N-acetyl-4-aminophenol (paracetamol) in plant tissues using the cell culture of Armoracia rusticana L. as a model system.
Materials and methods A hairy root culture of A. rusticana was treated with acetaminophen in a liquid culture. The formation and identification of metabolites over time were analyzed
using HPLC-DAD and LC–MSn techniques.
Results With LC–MS technique, we were able to detect paracetamol and identify three of its metabolites in root cells of A. rusticana. Six hours after incubation with 1 mM of acetaminophen, the distribution of acetaminophen and related metabolites in the
cells resulted in 18% paracetamol, 64% paracetamol–glucoside, 17% paracetamol glutathione, and 1% of the corresponding cysteine
conjugate.
Discussion The formation of two independently formed metabolites in plant root cells again revealed strong similarities between plant
and mammalian detoxification systems. The detoxification mechanism of glucuronization in mammals is mirrored by glucosidation
of xenobiotics in plants. Furthermore, in both systems, a glutathione conjugate is formed. Due to the existence of P450 enzymes
in plants, the formation of the highly reactive NAPQI intermediate is possible.
Conclusions In this study, we introduce the hairy root cell culture of A. rusticana L. as a suitable model system to study the fate of acetaminophen in plant tissues. Our first results point to the direction
of plants being able to take up and detoxify the model substrate paracetamol. These first findings underline the great potential
of using plants for waste water treatments in constructed wetlands.
Recommendations and perspectives This very first study on the detoxification of a widely used antipyretic agent in plant tissues again shows the flexibility
of plant detoxification systems and their potential in waste water treatment facilities. This study covers only the very first
steps of acetaminophen detoxification in plants; still, there is no data on long-term exposure as well as the possible impact
of pharmaceuticals on the plant health and stress defense. Long-term experiments need to be performed to follow the fate of
acetaminophen in root and leaf cells in a whole plant system, and to evaluate possible usage of plants for the remediation
of acetaminophen from waste water. 相似文献
86.
When mobility makes sense: A qualitative and longitudinal study of the daily mobility of the elderly 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sébastien Lord Carole Després Thierry Ramadier 《Journal of environmental psychology》2011,31(1):52-61
A majority of North Americans hopes to grow old in the suburbs. This aspiration depends upon their ability to drive and their access to a car. Because it is essential for everyday travel, car-mobility in the suburbs is becoming a symbolic goal. The meanings of mobility for elderly will evolve over time, notably as a result of changes in autonomy. However, the mobility of older adults is mainly understood in terms of daily trips. Little research has considered the temporal dimension of aging as an evolving process. This study aimed at understanding with a qualitative and longitudinal perspective how older people stay (auto-)mobile in their house and their neighborhood against the need to adapt to reduced autonomy and mobility over time. A group of 22 suburbanites aged from 62 to 89 was interviewed in 1999 and in 2006. The results show that even if older people succeed in increasing their mobility, they are headed for inevitable immobility. Among the environmental adaptation strategies that were observed, the constructed behaviors, the dependencies demanding additional supports as well as the social life modulate different evolving experiences of the city: the shrinking city, the fragmented city, and the city by proxy. The built environment is at the heart of a complex process in which the adaptation of mobility contributes to the emergence of new residential experiences. 相似文献
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89.
J. M. Tom Pierce Andrew B. Nash Carole A. Clouter 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2013,15(6):1645-1651
The UK Climate Change Act (CCA) mandates an 80 % reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050. It is estimated that 3.2 M tonnes pa CO2 results from travel-related NHS business. The acquisition of an electric bicycle to replace a car for both commuting and home visits allowed comparison of fuel use and CO2 emissions over a 4-year period. The switch to the use of the electric bicycle reduced the average annual petrol use by 329 l, the energy consumption by 3,140 kWh and the CO2 released by 748 kg a year. Wider adoption of electric bicycles in urban General Practice will contribute to the requirements of the CCA though to have a significant effect on the current estimated commuting-related carbon footprint of the NHS (0.76 MT pa) would require two-thirds of the workforce to abandon their cars in favour of electric bicycles. 相似文献
90.
Maxime Gignon Carole Amsallem Christine Ammirati 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):589-591
Moving a hospital is a critical period for quality and safety of healthcare. Change is very stressful for professionals. Workers who have experienced relocation of their place of work report deterioration in health status. Building a new hospital or restructuring a unit could provide an opportunity for improving safety and value in healthcare and for ensuring better quality of worklife for the staff. We used in situ simulation to promote experiential learning by training healthcare workers in the workplace in which they are expected to use their skills. In situ simulation was a way to design, plan, assess and implement a new healthcare environment before opening its doors for patient care. We can envisage that simulation will soon be used formally to identify potential problems in healthcare delivery and in staff quality of worklife in new healthcare facilities. Simulation is a way to co-produce a safe and valuable healthcare facility. 相似文献