Use of Flyash as Environmental and Agronomic Amendments

Coal combustion power plant flyash materials have been reported as useful soil amendments with agronomic and environmental benefits. This paper reports the efficacy of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) byproducts, when amended with dairy, swine, and broiler litter manures, in reducing phosphorus (P) solubility and potential impact on water quality. At a rate of 400 g/kg, FBC reduced water soluble P by 60% for dairy and swine and 50% for broiler litter, as compared to un-treated control samples. Byproduct FGD had little effect when amended into dairy manure, but reduced water soluble P by nearly 80% when amended into swine and broiler manure at a rate of 250 g/kg. The amount of Ca added in the amendments together with pH of the mixture is the major contributing factor in soluble P reduction. Sequential extraction results showed that the flyash treatments shifted water soluble P into mainly bicarbonate extractable P. The latter is still considered available for crop uptake but less vulnerable for environmental losses. Coal combustion byproducts, when amended into manure and used properly, can provide a useful and viable option for improving nutrient management on animal farms.     

Use of flyash as environmental and agronomic amendments

Coal combustion power plant flyash materials have been reported as useful soil amendments with agronomic and environmental benefits. This paper reports the efficacy of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) byproducts, when amended with dairy, swine, and broiler litter manures, in reducing phosphorus (P) solubility and potential impact on water quality. At a rate of 400 g/kg, FBC reduced water soluble P by 60% for dairy and swine and 50% for broiler litter, as compared to un-treated control samples. Byproduct FGD had little effect when amended into dairy manure, but reduced water soluble P by nearly 80% when amended into swine and broiler manure at a rate of 250 g/kg. The amount of Ca added in the amendments together with pH of the mixture is the major contributing factor in soluble P reduction. Sequential extraction results showed that the flyash treatments shifted water soluble P into mainly bicarbonate extractable P. The latter is still considered available for crop uptake but less vulnerable for environmental losses. Coal combustion byproducts, when amended into manure and used properly, can provide a useful and viable option for improving nutrient management on animal farms.     

Dietary strategies for reduced phosphorus excretion and improved water quality

Cost effective feeding strategies are essential to deal with P surpluses associated with intensive animal agriculture and the consequent impact on water quality. Reduction of P overfeeding, use of feed additives to enhance dietary P utilization, and development of high available phosphorus (HAP) grains have all been shown to decrease fecal P excretion without impairing animal performance. Much progress has been made, but more research will be needed to refine these strategies to maximize reductions in P excretion while maintaining animal performance. Recent research has focused on the impact of modifying dietary P on the forms of P excreted and the mobility of P in soils amended with these manures, with strong treatment trends becoming evident in the literature. In general, dietary strategies have been developed that can effectively reduce the total P concentration in manures produced, and combining strategies usually leads to greater reductions than individual practices. However, the impact of different approaches on the solubility of P in manures and amended soils has been more variable. Soluble P remains of particular concern due to links between solubility of P in manure and P losses from manure-amended soils. In this paper, we outline the major strategies for reducing dietary P in different species, review the literature on the impact of these approaches on P forms in manures and amended soils, and discuss the potential beneficial effects on animal agriculture and the environment.     

高斯迭加模式在区域性大气环境影响评价中多源污染的应用

在区域大气环境影响评价中，经常遇到多个污染源复合污染问题。由于其污染特性与单源污染不同，容易造成评价区局部地区严重污染（如出现高浓度环岛）。本文推荐使用高斯迭加模式进行复合污染的计算，并在此基础上绘制污染物等浓度线图，为环保决策部门提供图文并茂的环评资料，同时也就应用高斯迭加模式计算的产生的各种误差进行了探讨。     

综合水质模型参数识别研究

针对综合水质模型参数众多，难以同时估算的特点，介绍了二种参数优化方法，分别为：基因法，罗森布瑞克法和单纯形法，在分析了每种方法特点的基础上，结合具体实例进行比较验证，最后提出先进行模型参数灵敏度分析，再选用基因法对灵敏度高的参数进行优选，将优选结果作为罗森布瑞克法和单纯形法初始值，并进一步优选的设计思路。     

三维溢油动态预报模式

基于“油粒子”概述建立了模拟海上溢油行为的三维数值模型。模型运用确定性方法模拟平流过程，采用随机性方法模拟湍流扩散过程，“粒子扩散”方法避开了“平流－扩散”传统数值方法所导致的伪扩散效应，同时将油由于自身特性和扩展与受环境动力作用的被动扩展融为一体，较好地解决了油膜的扩散和破裂问题，通过模拟结果与卫星遥感监测资料的比较表明，模拟的溢油漂移方向误差不超过２０°，厚油区的分布面积与卫片资料基本一致。     

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的清洁生产工艺

剖析了一步法生产N，N-二甲基甲酰胺过程中结晶物的成分，分析了结晶物的形成原因，提出N，N-二甲基甲酰胺清洁生产工艺。该清洁生产工艺与原一步法相比，对环境的污染大大降低，同时新工艺能提高原有设备的生产能力。提高N，N-二甲基甲酰胺的产品率，降低生产成本。     

染料高效吸附菌Penicillium oxalicum表面特征解析

本研究利用Zeta电位和酸碱滴定技术对Penicillium oxalicum菌体的表面性质进行了表征，应用线性规划法求解出菌体表面在表面反应中起主要作用的4种基团酸度常数分别为4．O、7．0,8．8和10．0。与文献中数据的比较推断这些基团为羧基、磷酸基团、胺基及羟基，菌体的FTIR红外光谱解析初步验证了这一结果，上述结论为进一步研究生物吸附中菌体与吸附质之间的作用提供了必要的依据。     

基于城市可持续发展的生态绿地建设——以仪征市为例

寻求合乎社会目的与自然规律的城市发展之路，目前必须实施生态建设，加强城市生态系统的负反馈调节。城市生态绿地建设推进城市生态系统良性循环改善城市自身调节功能，使人与自然关系和谐统一，为城市可持续发展作必要的支撑，是城市基础设施建设的重要组成部分。本文以仪征市为例，着重探讨发展中工业城市生态绿地建设的一些主要问题。     

Brilliant red X-3B uptake by a novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel: Performance, kinetics and mechanism

A novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel (PCD-MCH) was developed and its performance, kinetics and mechanism for the removal of reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) were studied. The results showed that the zeta-potential of PCD-MCH was 32.8 to 16.7 mV at pH 3.0–10.5. The maximum X-3B adsorption capacity of PCD-MCH was 2792.3 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics could be well-described by the Weber–Morris model and the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM). Diffusion stages corresponding to surface or film diffusion, intra-particle or wide mesopore diffusion, and narrow mesopore/micropore diffusion occurred at 0–120, 120–480 and 480–1200 min, respectively. The latter two diffusion stages were rate-controlling for X-3B adsorption kinetics. At the initial X-3B concentration of 600 mg/L, the diffusion coefficient (D_s) and external mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase (k_F) were 3 × 10^?11 cm²/min and 4.68 × 10^?6 cm/min, respectively. X-3B approaching the center of PCD-MCH particles could be observed at 360 min. At the end of the third diffusion stage, the C_p at q/q_e = 0 was 45.20 mg/L, which was close to the homogeneous C_p value of 46 mg/L along the radius of PCD-MCH particles. At pH 3.0–10.0, PCD-MCH showed stable X-3B adsorption capacities. After five regeneration-reuse cycles, the residual adsorption capacity of regenerated PCD-MCH was higher than 892.7 mg/g. The corresponding adsorption mechanism was identified as involving electrostatic interactions, cyclodextrin cavities and hydrogen bonds, of which cyclodextrin cavities showed prominent capture performance towards dye molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes.