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141.
Maryam Kalantarnia Faisal Khan Kelly Hawboldt 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(5):600-606
To ensure the safety of a process system, engineers use different methods to identify the potential hazards that may cause severe consequences. One of the most popular methods used is quantitative risk assessment (QRA) which quantifies the risk associated with a particular process activity. One of QRA's major disadvantages is its inability to update risk during the life of a process. As the process operates, abnormal events will result in incidents and near misses. These events are often called accident precursors. A conventional QRA process is unable to use the accident precursor information to revise the risk profile. To overcome this, a methodology has been proposed based on the work of Meel and Seider (2006). Similar to Meel and Seider (2006) work, this methodology uses Bayesian theory to update the likelihood of the event occurrence and also failure probability of the safety system. In this paper the proposed methodology is outlined and its application is demonstrated using a simple case study. First, potential accident scenarios are identified and represented in terms of an event tree, next, using the event tree and available failure data end-state probabilities are estimated. Subsequently, using the available accident precursor data, safety system failure likelihood and event tree end-state probabilities are revised. The methodology has been simulated using deterministic (point value) as well as probabilistic approach. This Methodology is applied to a case study demonstrating a storage tank containing highly hazardous chemicals. The comparison between conventional QRA and the results from dynamic failure assessment approach shows the significant deviation in system failure frequency throughout the life time of the process unit. 相似文献
142.
The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) characteristics of NO and NO(2) over V(2)O(5)-WO(3)-MnO(2)/TiO(2) catalyst using ammonia as a reducing agent have been determined in a fixed-bed reactor at 200-400 degrees C. The presence of NO(2) enhances the SCR activity at lower temperatures and the optimum ratio of NO(2)/NO(x) is found to be 0.5. During the SCR reactions, there are some side reactions occurred such as ammonia oxidation and N(2)O formation. At higher temperatures, the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia and the nitrous oxide formation compete with the SCR reactions. The denitrification (DeNO(x)) conversion decreases at lower temperatures but it increases at higher temperatures with increasing SO(2) concentration. The presence of SO(2) in the feeds inhibits N(2)O formation. 相似文献
143.
The oxidation characteristics of NO over Pt/TiO2 (anatase, rutile) catalysts have been determined in a fixed bed reactor as a function of O2, CO and SO2 concentrations in the presence of 8% water. The conversion of NO to NO2 increases with increasing O2 concentration up to 12% and it levels off. This saturation effect is more pronounced over rutile-Pt/TiO2 (r-Pt/TiO2) than that of anatase-Pt/TiO2 (a-Pt/TiO2). The presence of CO increases NO oxidation significantly and this enhanced effect is more pronounced on a-Pt/TiO2 than that on r-Pt/TiO2 with increasing CO concentration at lower temperatures. The same effect is also observed on the catalysts with different Pt and tungsten oxide (WO3) loadings. With increasing Pt and WO3 loadings on TiO2 support (Pt-WO3/TiO2), formation of NO2 is high even at lower temperatures. The presence of SO2 significantly suppresses the oxidation of NO over both r-Pt/TiO2 and a-Pt/TiO2 catalysts but it is less pronounced due to low stability of sulfate on a-Pt/TiO2. 相似文献
144.
Ali Iftikhar Khan Muhammad Jamil Shah Azizullah Deeba Farah Hussain Haziq Yazdan Fazal Khan Mati Ullah Khan Muhammad Daud 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(25):37765-37776
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Natural resources, especially agrarian soils, have been much contaminated with various pollutants including heavy metals since industrial revolution,... 相似文献
145.
Ismail Faisal Alsharif Fatma El-Garawani Islam Abdelsameea Eman 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(1):89-93
Food and Environmental Virology - Acute hepatitis A is a self-limited liver inflammation caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The infection is transmitted by direct contact from person to... 相似文献
146.
Tahir Noor Zahid Muhammad Bhatti Ijaz Ahmad Jamil Yasir 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(5):6552-6567
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increase in environmental pollution has led to an increased investigation in the development of novel ternary photocatalytic systems for... 相似文献
147.
Rehman Abdul Russell Elena Saleem Faisal Mahmood Khalid Abbas Aumber Eze Valentine C. Harvey Adam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(10):4452-4462
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Bio-based non-isocyanate poly(hydroxyurethanes) (NIPUs) have recently gained significant interest due to increasing awareness of the health and... 相似文献
148.
Hashim Sulafa B. H. Tahir Haroon Elrasheid Mahdi Amer Ali Liu Li Zhang Junjun Zhai Xiaodong Ibrahim Nosyba A. Mahunu Gustav Komla Awad Faisal Nureldin Hassan Mahmoud M. Xiaobo Zou Jiyong Shi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(10):4362-4376
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Novel pH-colorimetric intelligent films were designed from agar and methylcellulose matrix (AM) with soybean wax (SBW) in several percentages (5, 10, 15,... 相似文献