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41.
Vogel-Mikus K Pongrac P Kump P Necemer M Regvar M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,139(2):362-371
Plants of the Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox Wulfen (Brassicaceae) inoculated or not with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal mixture were grown in a highly Cd, Zn and Pb contaminated substrate in order to evaluate the functionality of symbiosis and assess the possible impact of AM colonisation on heavy metal uptake and tolerance. The results suggest AM development in the metal hyperaccumulating T. praecox is favoured at elevated nutrient demands, e.g. during the reproductive period. AM colonisation parameters positively correlated with total soil Cd and Pb. Colonised plants showed significantly improved nutrient and a decreased Cd and Zn uptake as revealed by TRXRF, thus confirming the functionality of the symbiosis. Reduced heavy metal uptake, especially at higher soil metal contents, indicates a changed metal tolerance strategy in colonised T. praecox plants. This is to our knowledge the first report on AM colonisation of the Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator T. praecox in a greenhouse experiment. 相似文献
42.
Martin de Luis Katarina Čufar Miguel Angel Saz Luis Alberto Longares Andrej Ceglar Lučka Kajfež-Bogataj 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(5):1801-1810
A quality-controlled and enhanced database of 38 temperature and 52 precipitation stations was developed for Slovenia, a transitional area between Mediterranean, Alpine and continental climatic regimes, covering the period 1951–2007. Mean annual temperatures significantly increased in nearly all of Slovenia (except western areas) at rates between 0.15 and 0.36 °C/decade. Warming was most intense strongest in summer and spring in north-eastern Slovenia (0.3–0.4 °C/decade) and weakest in autumn. Precipitation trends were heterogeneous. Annual precipitation decreased significantly in the north-western part, at 3–6 % per decade. During spring and summer, decrease in rainfall by 3–6 % was detected in western Slovenia. No significant trends were found for the autumn season. In winter, precipitation decreased, by 3–12 % per decade, in particular in north-western Slovenia. As observed also elsewhere in Central Europe, changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns may have contributed to the observed long-term warming and drying in Slovenia. However, the strong warming in summer and spring, that is almost twice the trend observed in neighbouring countries, could be enhanced by drier soils caused by the decrease in winter precipitation in Slovenia. 相似文献
43.
Monika Vyskupova Katarina Pavlickova Peter Baus 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(7):1193-1213
Landscape is the area primarily affected by proposed human projects. The prediction and evaluation of the potential anthropogenic impacts under Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is therefore one of the major environmental tools for prevention of any deteriorative or destructive actions. To conduct EIA properly requires inclusion of a determination of landscape vulnerability which expresses the possible landscape reaction to impacts of any exogenous factors. When it is designated correctly, the suitable human activities are determined more accurately. Even though many techniques for this have been suggested worldwide, lots of deficiencies have surfaced in their application. This paper presents a method for landscape vulnerability analysis which consists of qualitative evaluation of landscape receptors, their scoring, the vulnerability degree calculation, and overall reliability evaluation. The method proposed can improve the impact objectivity of prediction and evaluation and the suggestion of precise mitigation measures with the purpose of achieving sustainable landscape management. 相似文献
44.
Skoglind-?hman I Kjellberg K 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2011,17(4):433-444
The aim of this pilot study was to explore whether home care service personnel used knowledge and skills in transfer technique in their daily work; knowledge and skills gained by participating in training programmes, and to identify factors that may hinder and support their use. Focus group interviews were held with 2 home care service groups in 2 Swedish towns. Individual interviews were conducted with the personnel's managers, unit leaders and safety representatives. Qualitative content analysis was used. The findings revealed that the personnel tried to use their knowledge and skills. However, there were both hindering and supporting factors for the use of safe work technique. The findings indicate that training programmes in transfer technique should not be implemented as isolated actions without considering the physical environment, the wishes of persons receiving care and their relatives, the work organisation, the safety culture and the role of managers. 相似文献
45.
Karim D. Kalache Katarina Lehmann Rabih Chaoui Dietmar E. Kivelitz Stefan Mundlos Rainer Bollmann 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(5):404-407
A fetus with thanatophoric dysplasia type 2 (TD2) associated with cloverleaf skull and abnormal development of the corpus callosum is reported. This case represents the first prenatal direct visualization of a partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) using high-resolution ultrasonography and colour power Doppler, which was confirmed by post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The causal link between cloverleaf skull in TD and partial ACC is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
46.
The distribution of parasites is often characterised by substantial aggregation with a small proportion of hosts harbouring
the majority of parasites. This pattern can be generated by abiotic and biotic factors that affect hosts and determine host
exposure and susceptibility to parasites. Climate factors can change a host’s investment in life-history traits (e.g. growth,
reproduction) generating temporal patterns of parasite aggregation. Similarly, host age may affect such investment. Furthermore,
sex-biased parasitism is common among vertebrates and has been linked to sexual dimorphism in morphology, behaviour and physiology.
Studies exploring sex-biased parasitism have been almost exclusively conducted on polygynous species where dimorphic traits
are often correlated. We investigated the effects of season and life-history traits on tick loads of the monogamous eastern
rock sengi (Elephantulus myurus). We found larger tick burdens during the non-breeding season possibly as a result of energetic constraints and/or climate
effects on the tick. Reproductive investment resulted in increased larval abundance for females but not males and may be linked
to sex-specific life-history strategies. The costs of reproduction could also explain the observed age effect with yearling
individuals harbouring lower larval burdens than adults. Although adult males had the greatest larval tick loads, host sex
appears to play a minor role in generating the observed parasite heterogeneities. Our study suggests that reproductive investment
plays a major role for parasite patterns in the study species. 相似文献
47.
48.
Mitesh Kataria Katarina Elofsson Berit Hasler 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(4):273-281
In the water management literature both the normal and log-normal distribution are commonly used to model stochastic water
pollution. The normality assumption is usually motivated by the central limit theorem, while the log-normality assumption
is often motivated by the need to avoid the possibility of negative pollution loads. We utilize the truncated normal distribution
as an alternative to these distributions. Using probabilistic constraints in a cost-minimization model for the Baltic Sea,
we show that the distribution assumption bias is between 1% and 60%. Simulations show that a greater difference is to be expected
for data with a higher degree of truncation. Using the normal distribution instead of the truncated normal distribution leads
to an underestimation of the true cost. On the contrary, the difference in cost when using the normal versus the log-normal
can be positive as well as negative. 相似文献
49.
Katarina Jovanović-Radovanov 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(10):711-718
Field experiments were conducted during two years at Srem region to investigate the influence of meteorological conditions, time and rate of application on soil persistence of imazethapyr in sandy loam type of soil. Imazethapyr was applied PRE- and POST-EM and in both cases in three application rates: 80, 120 and 160 g a.i./ha. Soil samples were collected from the day of herbicide application in predetermined intervals up to one year after application and residual concentrations were determined with a white mustard root bioassay. Imazetapyr persistence was significantly influenced by meteorological conditions with average half-life being 6 days longer in season with lower precipitation level. Time of application induced slower imazethapyr dissipation resulting in higher average t1/2 (seven and nine days in first and second year of examination, respectively). Application rates had no consistent effect on imazethapyr persistence. Imazethapyr residue level one year after application caused no visible injuries on white mustard shoots, while root growth reduction ranged from 4.6 to 27.7%. Obtained residue levels were further compared with known data on crop sensitivity in order to assess possibility of crop injuries one year after imazethapyr application. 相似文献
50.
Katarina Eckerberg 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1996,39(2):223-242
This paper examines the use of policy instruments to reduce nutrient loading to water systems. A case study is made in the Laholm Bay on the west coast of Sweden, where an action programme was launched in 1986. However, while point sources have now largely been dealt with, diffuse pollution is still increasing. We apply implementation theory to discuss how public and private actors use regulative, market and communicative policy strategies in an attempt to combat this pollution. Despite consensus between the actors on the policy problem per se, disputes remain on the means for implementation and how the costs should be borne. 相似文献