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71.
Nagappagari Lakshmana Reddy Vempuluru Navakoteswara Rao Murkinati Mamatha Kumari Raghava Reddy Kakarla Parnapalle Ravi Marappan Sathish Mani Karthik Shankar Muthukonda Venkatakrishnan Inamuddin 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):765-796
Massive production of hydrogen by water decomposition triggered by a solar light active photocatalyst is a major objective in chemistry and a promising avenue to overcome the global energy crisis. The development of efficient, stable, economically viable and eco-friendly photocatalysts for hydrogen production is a challenging task. This article reviews the use of nanocomposite in three combinations: metal oxide–metal oxide semiconductor, metal–metal oxide semiconductor and metal chalcogenide–metal oxide core–shell nanostructures. These core–shell structures occur in two forms: a simple form where the photocatalyst is either in the core or the shell or in a more complex system where the core–shell structure comprises a co-catalyst deposited on a semiconducting material. We discuss the design, synthesis and development of semiconductor-based nanocomposite photocatalysts for hydrogen production. The major points are the role of catalytic active sites, the chemical nature of sacrificial agents, the effect of light sources, the variable light intensity and the energy efficiency calculation. For TiO2-based nanocomposites, the metal oxide or metal co-catalyst loading of 1.0–3.0 wt% was optimal. TiO2 nanotube–CuO hybrid nanocomposites produce 1,14,000 µmol h?1 \({\text{g}}^{ - 1}_{\text{cat}}\), whereas TiO2/Au nanocomposites display 1,60,000 µmol h?1 \({\text{g}}^{ - 1}_{\text{cat}}\). For core–shell catalysts, a shell thickness of 2–20 nm was found for the best activity, and its performance is as follows: (a) CdS–NiO system produces around 19,949 µmol h?1 \({\text{g}}^{ - 1}_{\text{cat}}\) and (b) CuO–Cr2O3 as co-catalyst immobilized on TiO2 system produces around 82,390 µmol h?1 \({\text{g}}^{ - 1}_{\text{cat}}\). 相似文献
72.
Kumar P Prasad AK Mani U Maji BK Dutta KK 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2002,23(1):1-6
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is widely used as an industrial solvent and cleaning fluid. In the present study the toxic effects of TCE inhalation on pulmonary and hepatic biotransformation enzymes in rats have been investigated by assay of aniline hydroxylase (AH), aminopyrine-N-demethylase (APD), benzo-a-pyrene hydroxylase (BH) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities and glutathione (GSH) contents in liver as well as lungs of exposed animals. In both organs phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes have been found to be increased along with decrease in GSH contents following TCE inhalation. Pulmonary as well as hepatic MFO's seem to be activated by inhaled TCE probably in an attempt for its rapid detoxification and reduced glutathione is used during its biotransformation. 相似文献
73.
Lars Olof Nord Rahul Anantharaman Olav Bolland 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(4):385-392
In this study, a cycle designed for capturing the greenhouse gas CO2 in a natural gas combined cycle power plant has been analyzed. The process is a pre-combustion CO2 capture cycle utilizing reforming of natural gas and removal of the carbon in the fuel prior to combustion in the gas turbine. The power cycle consists of a H2-fired gas turbine and a triple pressure steam cycle. Nitrogen is used as fuel diluent and steam is injected into the flame for additional NOx control. The heat recovery steam generator includes pre-heating for the various process streams. The pre-combustion cycle consists of an air-blown auto-thermal reformer, water–gas shift reactors, an amine absorption system to separate out the CO2, as well as a CO2 compression block. Included in the thermodynamic analysis are design calculations, as well as steady-state off-design calculations. Even though the aim is to operate a plant, as the one in this study, at full load there is also a need to be able to operate at part load, meaning off-design analysis is important. A reference case which excludes the pre-combustion cycle and only consists of the power cycle without CO2 capture was analyzed at both design and off-design conditions for comparison. A high degree of process integration is present in the cycle studied. This can be advantageous from an efficiency stand-point but the complexity of the plant increases. The part load calculations is one way of investigating how flexible the plant is to off-design conditions. In the analysis performed, part load behavior is rather good with efficiency reductions from base load operation comparable to the reference combined cycle plant. 相似文献
74.
Rahul B. Hiremath Bimlesh Kumar P. Balachandra N. H. Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(6):571-590
The paper aims to assess the potential of decentralized bioenergy technologies in meeting rural energy needs and reducing
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Decentralized energy planning is carried out for the year 2005 and 2020. Decentralized energy planning model
using goal programming technique is applied for different decentralized scales (village to a district) for obtaining the optimal
mix of energy resources and technologies. Results show that it is possible to meet the energy requirements of all the services
that are necessary to promote development and improve the quality of life in rural areas from village to district scale, by
utilizing the locally available energy resources such as cattle dung, leaf litter and woody biomass feedstock from bioenergy
plantation on wastelands. The decentralized energy planning model shows that biomass feedstock required at village to district
level can even be obtained from biomass conserved by shifting to biogas for cooking. Under sustainable development scenario,
the decentralized energy planning model shows that there is negligible emission of CO2, oxide of Sulphur (SOx) and oxide of nitrogen (NOx), even while meeting all the energy needs. 相似文献
75.
Ahmed T Pathak R Mustafa MD Kar R Tripathi AK Ahmed RS Banerjee BD 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,179(1-4):293-299
Endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon are widely used pesticides. Subchronic exposure to these contaminants commonly affects the central nervous system, immune, gastrointestinal, renal, and reproductive system. There effects have been attributed to increased oxidative stress. This study was conducted to examine the role of oxidative stress in genotoxicity following pesticide exposure using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. Further possible attenuation of genotoxicity was studied using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and curcumin as known modulators of oxidative stress. Cultured mononuclear cells was isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, and exposed to varying concentrations of different pesticides: endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon for 6, 12, and 24 h. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level and DNA damage was quantified by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) using ELISA. Both MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with these pesticides. There was a significant decrease in MDA and 8-OH-dG levels in PBMC when co-treated with NAC or/and curcumin as compared to pesticide alone. These results indicate that pesticide-induced oxidative stress is probably responsible for the DNA damage, and NAC or curcumin attenuate this effect by counteracting the oxidative stress. 相似文献
76.
Goswami Rahul Kumar Agrawal Komal Mehariya Sanjeet Verma Pradeep 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61905-61937
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization is a revolutionary and necessary step for the development of nations. However, with development emanates its drawback i.e., generation of... 相似文献
77.
Monisha Ravichandran Swathy Mani Ragupathy Lakshmi Sivaprakash Baskaran Rajamohan Natarajan Vo Dai-Viet N. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(1):681-704
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Pharmaceutical waste generation in domestic and industrial discharges is a major challenge requiring adapted treatment solutions. Antibiotics, pain killers,... 相似文献
78.
Singh Shailender Routroy Srikanta Dasgupta Mani Sankar 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(4):2390-2406
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Despite electronic waste (e-waste) rules in force, there is still a huge gap in awareness among communities about the handling of discarded... 相似文献
79.
Kesavachandran Chandrasekharan Nair Prathish Krishna Pillai Sakhre Saurabh Ajay Sundaresan Vasanthi Rahul Chirackal Muraleedharan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):30802-30807
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The World Health Organization has proposed the ambient air quality guidelines 2021. The uniqueness of the guidelines of the World Health Organization... 相似文献