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51.
Adeniyi Lateef A. Akinpelu Olusegun P. Fatoke Michael T. Adeniji Margaret A. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):1948-1957
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study investigates solid-waste handling practices by municipal waste collectors during COVID-19 pandemic period in Osogbo urban areas with the... 相似文献
52.
The foraging behaviours and dietary compositions of three co-occurring labrids (Ophthalmolepis lineolatus, Notolabrus gymnogenis and Pictilabrus laticlavius), which are conspicuous on rocky reefs in temperate south-eastern Australia, were investigated between 2003 and 2005. SCUBA
observations at two locations showed that the feeding intensity, and hence the associated effects of these fishes on rocky
reef invertebrate prey, was temporally consistent. Relative differences in the contributions of ingested prey and use of different
feeding microhabitats demonstrated that the feeding ecology differed significantly among the three species. Thus, O. lineolatus fed on proportionately higher volumes of polychaetes, polyplacophorans, marginellid gastropods (especially Austroginella sp.), bivalves and echinoids, which were sighted opportunistically in a wide selection of microhabitats, but particularly
in sand/rubble. Ambush hunting was used regularly by smaller N. gymnogenis and all sizes of P. laticlavius to forage on amphipods, small decapods and small gastropods at algal bases or fronds and Diopatra dentata tubes. Amphipods were similarly important in the diet of smaller O. lineolatus. Larger N. gymnogenis foraged opportunistically over an increased reef area and made greater use of microhabitats that offered minimal prey refuge
(e.g. sand/rubble, bare rock/steel) from which common prey, in particular decapods, were obtained. The significant intra-
and inter-specific differences in dietary compositions, allied with differences in the use of feeding microhabitats, would
facilitate co-occurrence of these three conspicuous species and contribute to maintaining high richness of labrid species
in reef systems. Echinoids were regularly consumed by each species but they made a moderate contribution to the diet of only
O. lineolatus, which suggests that only one of the three labrids is likely to play a significant role in regulation of echinoid densities
in these rocky reef habitats. However, the broad diets and diverse forging strategies employed by these labrid species imply
that they have a system-wide influence on invertebrate prey on rocky reefs. 相似文献
53.
Will Allen Ockie Bosch Margaret Kilvington Don Harley and Ian Brown 《Natural resources forum》2001,25(3):225-233
Adaptive, or 'learning by doing', approaches are often advocated as a means of providing increased understanding within natural resource management. However, a number of organisational and social issues need to be resolved if these approaches are to be used successfully. A case study in the South Island high country of New Zealand is used to review what is needed to support an ongoing community-based monitoring and adaptive management programme. First, the case study is described, paying attention to the social context of the resource management problem. The results of a workshop that explored this problem are then outlined, along with a proposed information flow suggested by participants. Requirements for future steps to resolve these problems (such as information protocols and a multi-stakeholder information system) are discussed. Finally, some broad lessons are drawn from this exercise that could help others developing similar approaches. 相似文献
54.
Margaret J. Couvillon Francis L.W. Ratnieks 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1099-1105
In group-level recognition, discriminators use sensory information to distinguish group members and non-members. For example,
entrance guards in eusocial insect colonies discriminate nestmates from intruders by comparing their odour with a template
of the colony odour. Despite being a species-rich group of eusocial bees closely related to the honey bees, stingless bee
nestmate recognition is a relatively little-studied area. We studied Frieseomelitta varia, a common Brazilian species of stingless bee known as marmelada. By measuring the rejection rates of nestmate and non-nestmate
worker bees by guards, we were able to show that guards became significantly less accepting (from 91 to 46%) of nestmates
that had acquired odour cues from non-nestmate workers; however, guards did not become significantly more accepting (from
31 to 42%) of non-nestmates that had acquired equivalent amounts of odour cues from the guard’s nestmates. These data strongly
suggest that guards use an “undesirable–absent” system in recognition, whereby incoming conspecific workers are only accepted
if undesirable cues are absent, despite the presence of desirable cues. We suggest that an undesirable–absent system is adaptive
because robbing by conspecifics may be an important selective factor in F. varia, which would lead to selection for a non-permissive acceptance strategy by guards. 相似文献
55.
Nkuba Michael Robert Chanda Raban Mmopelwa Gagoitseope Kato Edward Mangheni Margaret N. Lesolle David 《Environmental management》2020,65(4):500-516
Environmental Management - This paper investigates the influence of using indigenous forecasts (IF) and scientific forecasts (SF) on arable farmers’ adaptation methods in the Rwenzori region,... 相似文献
56.
Dr R. J. Morrow M. J. Whittle Margaret B. McNay P. A. M. Raine A. A. M. Gibson Jenny Crossley 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(2):111-115
An attempt was made to identify all the cases of abdominal wall defects occurring in the West of Scotland over a 7-year period to determine the current incidence, prenatal diagnosis, management, and prognosis for fetuses and neonates with abdominal wall defects. Cases were identified because they presented either for prenatal diagnosis, or to the Department of Pathology following termination or spontaneous pregnancy loss, or as neonates to the Neonatal Surgical Department. The incidence of abdominal wall defects was found to be 1 in 2500 births. Exomphalos was diagnosed before birth in 66 per cent of cases, and in 30 per cent of cases it was associated with another major abnormality. There was a 20 per cent intact survival in the cases diagnosed prenatally who had no fetal anomaly and who opted to continue with the pregnancy. Gastroschisis was diagnosed before delivery in 70 per cent of cases, and in the group who continued with the pregnancy there was an intact survival of 77 per cent. Body stalk anomalies were all diagnosed prenatally and terminated. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein was elevated in 89 per cent of the cases with exomphalos and in 100 per cent of the cases with gastroschisis and body stalk anomalies in which it was tested. 相似文献
57.
Blight Margaret M. Pickett J. A. Smith M. C. Wadhams L. J. 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1984,71(9):480-480
The Science of Nature - 相似文献
58.
Dr Harini Narayan Richard De Chazal Margaret Barrow Patricia McKeever Edmund Neale 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(10):893-901
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental defect of as yet unknown aetiology which accounts for 8 per cent of all major congenital anomalies and is associated with up to 80 per cent mortality despite optimal postnatal treatment. The risk of recurrence of CDH for future sibs after one affected infant is about 2 per cent. A multifactorial/threshold inheritance pattern with an observed high male:female sex ratio is currently favoured for the rare occurrence of familial CDH, although other modes of inheritance have also been described. We report three cases of familial CDH, two of whom were brother and sister sibs and the third was a first cousin, born within 18 months of each other. The diagnosis was by ultrasound and there were several factors predicting a poor outcome. The mortality in this group was 100 per cent. The prenatal diagnosis, treatment options, the unusual genetic aspects, outcome, and the pathology involved are discussed. 相似文献
59.
60.
Mary Alice Coffroth Howard R. Lasker Margaret E. Diamond Jeremy A. Bruenn Eldredge Bermingham 《Marine Biology》1992,114(2):317-325
Clonal reproduction, a common life history strategy among sessile marine invertebrates, can lead to high local abundances of one to a few genotypes in a population. Analysis of the clonal structure of such populations can provide insight into the ecological and evolutionary history of the population, but requires markers that can identify individual genets. Forensic and demographic studies have demonstrated that DNA fingerprinting can provide markers that are unique for an individual genotype. We have generated DNA fingerprints for over 70 colonies of the clonal gorgonian, Plexaura A (Plexaura sp. A) collected from June 1990 through July 1991 in the San Blas Islands, Panama. DNA fingerprints within a singic individual were identical and fingerprinting resolved multiple genotypes within and among reefs. On one reef in the San Blas Islands, Panama, 59% of the colonies sampled were of one genotype and this genotype was not found on any other sampled reefs. A previous study using tissue grafts identified 13 putative clones on these reefs, while DNA fingerprints of the same colonies differentiated 17 genotypes. The present study demonstrates the utility of DNA fingerprinting for distinguishing clones and for identifying clonal structure of marine invertebrate populations. 相似文献