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81.
Pezzi M Lanfredi M Chicca M Tedeschi P Brandolini V Leis M 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(6):480-485
The house fly, Musca domestica L., a relevant sanitary pest, is mainly controlled by insecticides. However, an inappropriate use of chemicals may induce resistance, treatment efficacy decline and environmental damages. We evaluated toxicity of some organophosphates, pyrethroids, spinosad and neonicotinoids by topical applications on adults of a M. domestica strain (OcRo) collected from an intensive chicken farm in Northern Italy, in comparison to a susceptible strain (s-DBF). The OcRo strain exhibited higher levels of resistance (RR??) to four pesticides in comparison to s-DBF. Spinosad and imidacloprid had very low RR??, thus were still efficient in OcRo control. We also tested resistance to pesticides in OcRo after topical applications of synergistic compounds. Hydrolases were involved in phosphorganic detoxification and cytochrome P450 monoxygenases in that of pyrethroids. These results indicate that OcRo strain is now multiresistant to organophosphates and pyrethroids, and this should be considered for an environmentally safe pest management. 相似文献
82.
Eduardo Yubero Adoración Carratalá Javier Crespo Jose Nicolás Milagros Santacatalina Silvia Nava Franco Lucarelli Massimo Chiari 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(1):64-74
Introduction
The concentrations of trace metals, ionic species, and carbonaceous components in PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 10 μm) were measured from samples collected near an industrial complex, primarily composed of cement plants, in southeastern Spain, from September 2005 to August 2006. 相似文献83.
Maggio A Chiarandà FQ Cefariello R Fagnano M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1445-1452
Stomatal closure and biosynthesis of antioxidant molecules are two fundamental components of the physiological machinery that lead to stress adaptation during plant's exposure to salinity. Since high stomatal resistance may also contribute in counteracting O3 damages, we hypothesized that soil salinization may increase O3 tolerance of crops. An experiment was performed with alfalfa grown in filtered (AOT40 = 0 in both years) and non-filtered (AOT40 = 9.7 in 2005 and 6.9 ppm h in 2006) open-top chambers. Alfalfa yield was reduced by O3 (−33%) only in plants irrigated with salt-free water, while the increasing levels of soil salinity until 1.06 dS m−1 reduced both stomatal conductance and plant O3 uptake, thus linearly reducing O3 effects on yield. Therefore a reliable flux-based model for assessing the effects of O3 on crop yield should take into account soil salinity. 相似文献
84.
Fagnano M Maggio A Fumagalli I 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1438-1444
The Mediterranean environment, and most of the Italian peninsula, presents some peculiarities in terms of crop response to O3 since most physiological mechanisms activated upon O3 exposure, such as stomatal closure, often overlap and interact with those that underlie plant adaptation to drought and hyperosmotic stress, which are typical of these environments. OTC and EDU experiments have demonstrated that O3 causes strong yield losses when crops are grown without water limitations. However, exposure to water or saline stress significantly reduced O3 effects on crop yield. In this review, we present the methodological approaches that have been used to study plant-ozone interactions in Italy as well as biochemical, physiological and agronomic responses for representative cropping systems of the Mediterranean climate. 相似文献
85.
Northern Latium (Italy) is an area where the Rn risk rate is potentially high because of the extensive outcropping of Neogene
U-rich volcanics and the presence of major active tectonic lineaments. The lack of data on Rn risk rates in that area, which
is undergoing major urban and industrial development, has prompted this study. It proposes a methodology to evaluate the maximum
potential diffusive Rn flux from soils based on the measurement of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities by γ-ray spectrometry, and the measurement of main soil parameters influencing the Rn emanation. This methodology
provides a simple, reliable and low-cost tool for drawing up radon flux maps useful to both public planners and private individuals,
who want to operate safely in the study area. The proposed methodology may also be applied to other geographic areas outside
the prescribed study area. 相似文献
86.
Aqueous solutions of Fenton's reagent (Fe2+ + H2O2) have been used to effect the total decomposition of the chlorophenols: 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 3,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. The mineralization of these chlorinated aromatic substrates to CO2 and free Cl− has been studied as a function of [Fe2+] and [HClO4]. Increasing the concentration of Fe2+ enhances the decomposition process, while an increase in the concentration of HClO4, inhibits the reaction. The presence of Fe3+ alone (without any Fe2+) with H2O2 has no effect on the degradation of the chlorophenols. In all cases, the stoichiometric quantity of free Cl− was obtained at the completion of the decomposition reaction; but the rates of disappaearance of the chlorophenol and of the formation of the Cl− are not similar. This suggests that some chlorinated aliphatic species may be formed as possible intemediates. 相似文献
87.
Cincinelli A Stortini AM Checchini L Martellini T Del Bubba M Lepri L 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(12):1305-1312
Concentrations of dissolved and particle-associated n-alkanes, phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in sea surface microlayer (SML) and sub-surface water (SSL) samples collected in the coastal area of Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, during the Austral spring 1998/1999. SML concentrations of the selected organic compounds were higher than SSL values and the enrichment factors were greater in the particulate phase than in the dissolved phase. During the same campaign, "fresh" snow samples, collected at different altitudes (from sea level up to 2670 m) near the coast on Mt Melbourne, immediately after a snowy event, were analysed in order to provide more information on air/sea exchange processes. The same classes of organic compounds found in sea water were also present in "fresh" snow samples. The surfactant fluorescent organic matter (SFOM), adsorbed on the microdrop aerosol surface, could be considered the main constituent of the enrichment and the carrier at higher altitudes of organic compounds. In fact, hydrocarbons (n-alkanes and PAHs), which are not surfactants like phthalates, could interact with SFOM and follow the same fate. 相似文献
88.
Annibale?BiggeriEmail author Massimo?Bonannini Dolores?Catelan Fabio?Divino Emanuela?Dreassi Corrado?Lagazio 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2005,12(4):397-409
In this work we propose a Bayesian ecological analysis in which a latent variable summarizes data on emissions of atmospheric
pollutants. We specified a hierarchical Bayesian model with spatially structured and unstructured random terms with a nested
latent factor model. This can be considered a combination of the convolution spatial model of Besag et al. (1991) and an ecological regression analysis in which a latent variable plays the role of the covariate. The unified approach allows
to proper account for the uncertainty in the latent score estimation in the regression analysis. The Bayesian Latent Factor
model is used to summarize the information on environmental pressure derived from three stressors: Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen
Oxides and Inhalable Particles. We found evidence of positive correlation between Lung cancer mortality and environmental
pressure indicators, in males, Tuscany (Italy), 1995–1999. Environmental pressure seems to be restricted to fourteen municipalities
(top 5% of the Latent Factor distribution). The model identified two areas with high point source emissions. 相似文献
89.
Piero Barazzuoli Senatro Izzo Paolo Menicori Massimiliano Micheluccini Massimo Salleolini 《Environmental management》1989,13(5):613-622
The principal aim of this research is to solve problems of water-budget estimation in particularly indeterminate conditions, of the kind that are frequently encountered in the field, in which absence or insufficiency of hydrographic instrumentation prevents the adequate evaluation of runoff.To do this we have developed techniques that are based on the method of Kennessey (1930), in which the runoff coefficient of a watershed in estimated using three physiographic variables (slope angle, permeability, and vegetation cover) and a parameter that defines the climatic conditions of the local area. Our comparison of the Kennessey method with instrumental records from a wide variety of instrumented drainage basins in central Italy shows that the method provides reliable estimates of runoff. Our analysis also indicates the best criteria for its application, as shown by the examples and results presented in this article.This research enables us to present a new application of the method, namely the runoff coefficient map, which, in addition to its specific usefulness for the evaluation of runoff, has three advantages. First, it supplies a more realistic vision of the local distribution of runoff/rainfall ratios; second, it allows one to overcome the spatial constraints imposed by the narrow frame of reference represented by the watershed; and third, it makes an important contribution to the solution of other hydrogeological problems, such as the evaluation of the amount of water required for adequate recharge of the intake areas of deep aquifers or the maintenance of geothermal processes.Hence we propose this mapping technique as a valuable practical aid to regional hydrogeologic planning. 相似文献
90.
M. Capobianco M. J. F. Stive J. A. Jiménez A. Sanchez-Arcilla 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1998,4(1):7-16
Global climatic change is likely to take place and could eventually affect Mediterranean deltas and other lowlying coastal
regions. This would have serious implications for the natural resources of these deltaic areas, as well as for human settlements
and related economic activities.
To achieve sound decision making, to prevent damages and to avoid risky investments, it is necessary to understand the integral
functioning of deltaic areas and to determine their vulnerability and response to large-scale change phenomena. Optimal use
of the available knowledge will require that existing and new field measurements are combined and that integrated (physical/ecological)
conceptual models of deltaic behaviour are developed with socio-economics scenarios as boundary conditions.
This paper illustrates the methodological effort towards organizing a modeling framework to conduct budget computations at
various scales with reference to the most significant ‘physiogrpahic units’ and to the most significant deltaic processes.
The final objective is to handle the problem of evaluating possible changes under different scenarios. 相似文献