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51.
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Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - To recycle incineration bottom ash as a raw material in cement production, it is important to reduce the chlorides in the ash. Due to... 相似文献
53.
Takeshi?TakegakiEmail author Takashi?Kaneko Yukio?Matsumoto 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(4):285-289
Sneaking tactic, a male alternative reproductive tactic involving sperm competition, is generally adopted by small individuals
because of its inconspicuousness. However, large size has an advantage when competition occurs between sneakers for fertilization
of eggs. Here, we suggest that both large- and small-size advantages of sneaker males are present within the same species.
Large sneaker males of the dusky frillgoby Bathygobius fuscus showed a high success rate in intruding into spawning nests because of their advantage in competition among sneaker males
in keeping a suitable position to sneak, whereas small sneakers had few chances to sneak. However, small sneaker males were
able to stay in the nests longer than large sneaker males when they succeeded in sneak intrusion. This suggests the possibility
of an increase in their paternity. The findings of these size-specific behavioural advantages may be important in considering
the evolution of size-related reproductive traits. 相似文献
54.
Mitsutaka Matsumoto 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(13):1284-1299
To discuss measures to promote reuse in society, a holistic understanding of reuse businesses and markets is indispensable. This paper presents a simulation model for reuse businesses. To formulate the model, first, prerequisites for reuse businesses are outlined. The simulation model includes these prerequisites as its parameters, and its outcomes yield patterns of reuse markets. The paper presents the formulation of the model and simulation outcomes under four parameter settings. The correspondences between the simulation outcomes and case studies of reuse businesses in Japan are discussed to verify the propriety of the model. 相似文献
55.
Z. J. U. Malley M. Taeb T. Matsumoto 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(1):175-195
Sustainable agricultural development is a necessity for sustainable economic growth and social development in Africa. Sustainable
agriculture largely depends on how effective natural and environmental resources are managed and utilized; it also depends
on the security of continuous access to such resources. This research was aimed to look into trends in agricultural productivity,
examine the persistence of the environmental insecurity, analyze the relationship between the two, and explore their links
to the national development policies. The results are discussed in the context of relevance to national development policies
and their implications on the sustainability of agriculture and rural livelihoods security. Literature survey, records collection
from the stakeholders, village level participatory assessments (PAs), observations and questionnaire survey were tools used
for data collection. The study shows significant (P < 0.01) declines in cereal crop yields, cattle milk yield and cattle calving rate, and increasing cattle mortality rate.
Elements of environmental insecurity were found to account for decline in agricultural productivity; significant (P < 0.01) proportion (68%), of 266 households interviewed, reported land resources deterioration, declining soil fertility,
and increasing drought frequencies as the causes of their low productivity. Declined fertilizer consumption and increasing
variability in rainfall amount significantly (P < 0.01) accounted for 59% and 39%, respectively, of the variations observed in total annual production of rice and maize,
which are major cereals in the study area. This study recommends measures to improve soil productivity such as improved fertilizer
application and use of organic manures along with mineral fertilizers for maintaining soil productivity; education of farmers
on sustainable use and management of land resources; and pro-poor rural policies in agricultural development and environmental
governance.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
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The results of analyses for polychlorodibenzofuran (PCDF) content in two samples of polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) from used electrical transformers are presented and discussed. In neither sample was there evidence for enhanced PCDF concentrations even though one of them had been subjected to overheating while in service. 相似文献
59.
Results of analyses of eight samples of technical pentachlorophenol conducted by three different analytical methods are presented and discussed. 相似文献
60.
The conspicuous morphogenesis during termite soldier differentiation is one of the most remarkable examples of specialized caste development in social insects. To clarify the mechanism of morphological changes during soldier differentiation, mandibular morphogenesis prior to the presoldier moult was examined in the damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis sjoestedti. Using experimental induction of presoldier differentiation from pseudergates (7th or later instar larvae) by the application of juvenile hormone analogue (JHA), we compared mandibular morphogenesis in a presoldier moult (from pseudergate to presoldier) with that of a stationary moult (from pseudergate to pseudergate). Future presoldier mandibles were formed under the old mandibular cuticle of the pseudergates just prior to the presoldier moult. Multiple folds of both epidermis and new cuticle were observed in the developing mandible, and large concavities between teeth were formed on the mandibular surface. While in the stationary moult, the future mandibles were formed with a smooth surface. The process of the mandibular morphogenesis in soldier differentiation explains the allometry of soldier mandibles. The morphological differences in mouth parts between castes arise from a switching mechanism that triggers caste-specific mandibular epithelial growth during development. 相似文献