Saturated and Unsaturated Water Flow in Inclined Porous Media

This paper considers the two-dimensional saturated and unsaturated flow of water through inclined porous media, namely a waste dump or hill slope. Since the partial differential equation governing this water flow transforms from being parabolic to elliptic as the water flow varies from unsaturated to saturated, an iterative, finite differencing scheme is used to develop a numerical solution. The model can be used to investigate the effects that hill slope angle, depth of soil cover and hilltop width have on water accumulation in the dump and the time required for saturation to occur at different areas in the dump domain. The accuracy and reliability of the computer based solution is tested for two different boundary conditions – (1) no flow on all boundaries (i.e., the internal redistribution of soil moisture to steady state) and (2) a constant rainfall flux on the dump surface. Numerical studies then show the effects of changing the hill slope angle, depth of layer, and dump geometry on the flow characteristics in the dump.     

湛江港船舶处理含油污水状况分析

通过对湛江港非油船、油船含油污水接收处理现状的评价，分析了其中存在的问题并提出解决办法。     

某常压余热水箱承压爆炸重大事故分析

通过对一起重大特种设备“疑似”事故——常压余热水箱承压爆炸造成3人当场死亡1人重伤的重大事故的调查过程的介绍，对常压水箱爆炸事故原因、经过的调查分析，充分意识到有效落实企业安全生产第3方责任的紧迫性。加强特种设备安全监察员队伍专业知识学习的紧迫性。     

RUNOFF EVENT IMPACTS ON A WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIR: SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOADING, TURBID PLUME BEHAVIOR, AND SEDIMENT DEPOSITION1

Abstract: The impacts of runoff events on external suspended solids loading to Schoharie Reservoir, New York, and patterns of light scattering and sediment deposition in this reservoir are assessed. The assessment is based on monitoring of suspended solids concentrations in the reservoir's primary tributary, detailed vertical profiles of optical backscattering (a surrogate measure of light scattering) in the reservoir water column, and analysis of sediment trap collections, over a seven-month interval of high runoff. These impacts are reported to be tightly temporally coupled and strongly positively related to the magnitude of runoff events. The primary tributary entered the reservoir as a plunging inflow during runoff events, causing conspicuous subsurface peaks in light scattering, with vertical patterns that varied strongly for different events. Deposition quantified by near-bottom trap deployments is reported to be more representative than results from metalimnetic deployments that were generally within, rather than below, the turbid layers. Direct inputs of sediment, transported by density currents, are found to drive deposition, rather than resuspension/redeposition. More than 50 percent of the reported deposition occurred in less than 15 percent of the study period, associated with the four largest runoff events.     

Land treatment and the toxicity response of soil contaminated with wood preserving waste

Soils contaminated with wood preserving wastes, including pentachlo-rophenol (PCP) and creosote, are treated at field-scale in an engineered prepared-bed system consisting of two one-acre land treatment units (LTUs). The concentration of selected indicator compounds of treatment performance included PCP, pyrene, and total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TCPAHs) was monitored in the soil by taking both composited soil samples at multiple points in time, and discrete soil samples at two points in time. The mean concentration of the indicator compounds and the 95-percent confidence interval (CI) of the composite and discrete samples agreed relatively well, and first-order degradation rate kinetics satisfactorily represented the mean chemical concentration loss of indicator compounds in the LTU. Toxicity of the soil, as measured by Microtox^TM assay of the soil extracts, indicated that toxicity reduction corresponded with indicator compound disappearance. No toxicity effects were observed with time in treated layers of soil (lifts) buried beneath highly contaminated lifts of newly applied soil. This indicated that vertical migration of soluble contaminants from such lifts had little effect on the microbial activity in the underlying treated soil.     

空难对湿地浮游植物的影响

浮游植物已经广泛应用于环境影响评价.包头"11·21"空难对南海子浮游植物的种类、种群结构、优势种(属)、细胞密度、种类数和细胞密度的空间分布产生了重要影响.调查表明:南海子浮游植物有5门27属,其中蓝藻门有5个属,隐藻门有2个属,硅藻门有5个属,裸藻门有2个属,绿藻门有13个属;蓝藻门和绿藻门为南海子的优势门类,其中微囊藻、平裂藻和栅藻为优势属;南海子浮游植物的Margelef种类丰度指数为0.9646,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.7647,空难后南海子水体污染严重;浮游植物(特别是富营养化指示藻类)的种类数和细胞密度的高值区主要出现在污染水域.南海子水质的浮游植物生物学评价结果表明,空难事故后南海子水体已属于严重富营养化水平.      

Tyrannical Spaces: young people, bullying and urban neighbourhoods

We consider the street experiences of a group of urban children living in a large East Midlands town in the UK. Our attention focuses upon an issue that has seldom been examined, neighbourhood bullying. We highlight how some children, through their propinquity within neighbourhood spaces, clash and collide to such an extent that their experiences of a locality become severely blighted. For these unfortunate young people local environments are tyrannical spaces, defined in terms of 'no-go areas', danger and threat. These are not remarkable geographies, however, and we suggest that like many school environments, where bullying has increasingly been recognised and disclosed, within many localities there is a 'hidden' geography of fear waiting to be uncovered. The paper is organised into five parts: first, we briefly examine the concept of bullying, particularly in relation to young people in schools; secondly, we extend these ideas into a neighbourhood context drawing upon recent ideas of 'self', 'other' and microgeographies; thirdly, we outline the research project from which this article emerges; fourthly, we look at some empirical evidence from an urban case study that draws attention to the form and consequences of neighbourhood bullying; lastly, we discuss the relevance of these findings to future policy and practice, particularly in relation to the management of neighbourhood spaces. We propose that systematically applied local strategies to tackle bullying within neighbourhoods are needed, particularly those which engage young people and adults together through a whole community approach.     

噪声主观反应模糊隶属函数的AHP计算方法

根据模糊数学层次分析法(AHP)的原理,构造判断矩阵,针对不同的环境功能区域,定量计算各主观烦恼度表述等级的隶属度,求出了相应环境下的模糊隶属函数,并运用于噪声主观烦恼反应阈值的计算.实例计算表明,对不同环境建立不同的烦恼隶属函数,更符合人们对噪声主观反应所作表述的实际,计算得到的烦恼概率和噪声阈值更科学可信.     

城市高架轨道交通沿线声场分布计算模型

根据波动声学和几何声学原理,将列车看作运动着的有限长线声源,建立了城市高架轨道交通沿线声场分布及其声屏障插入损失计算模型,模型中对声影区的声场分布采用惠更斯-菲涅耳原理进行推导计算,给出了理论计算公式.     

中国火力发电燃料消耗的生命周期排放清单

介绍了火力发电因化石燃料消耗而引起主要气态污染物排放量的估算方法,计算得到中国火力发电燃料消耗所引起的生命周期总排放量及单位售电的生命周期排放清单.与2002年中国火力发电燃料消耗相关的CO₂、SO₂、NO_x、CO、CH₄、NMVOC、烟尘、As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、V和Zn的单位售电生命周期排放量分别为1.07、9.93×10^-3、6.46×10^-3、1.55×10^-3、2.60×10^-3、4.87×10^-42.02×10^-22.00×10^-61.27×10^-81.69×10^-78.78×10^-82.50×10^-71.76×10^-62.88×10^-62.40×10^-6g/(kW