岚山输油站输油安全经济运行实践

通过总结甬沪宁长距离输送进口原油管道现场工艺运行实践,提出了进一步提高长距离输送原油管道运行的安全性、经济性和长期稳定性的建议。     

从一起溅压渣油罐火灾事故谈事故调查分析

分析了日本某炼油厂一起减压渣油罐火灾事故,讨论了应如何深入进行事故调查分析.     

城市污水污泥堆肥控制因素和腐熟度评价

堆肥化处理是城市污水污泥减量化、无害化和资源化的一种较为理想的处理方法,通过有效控制通风量、初始含水率、温度、C/N比、pH值和辅料的选择等影响因素,可以最终解决污泥的处置和利用问题,因此合理调整控制因素是污泥堆肥化处理的关键。国内外的腐熟度评价指标和方法很多,但目前仍未形成一种公认的腐熟度指标,国内以李承强等的堆肥腐熟度指标应用最为普遍,它把堆肥腐熟度指标划分为物理学指标、化学指标和生物学指标,腐熟度评价方法的正确选择和评价指标的合理确定将为污泥堆肥产品的农田利用提供强有力的技术支持。     

微生物絮凝剂处理矿井水实验研究

从土壤中筛选得到能够产絮凝剂的菌种L01,并考察了其所产絮凝剂对几种矿井水的絮凝处理效果,主要结论如下：筛选到的菌株L01为好氧的革兰氏阴性菌,经过生化鉴定,初步确定其为葡糖杆菌属;起絮凝作用的活性成分为菌株L01的胞外分泌物,其菌液离心上清液对矿井水有较好的絮凝效果;絮凝剂可以减少矿井水的悬浮物含量和降低浊度,但对其他指标影响不大;Ca^2＋有很好的助絮凝效果,添加助凝剂CaCl2后,絮凝剂对三种矿井水中悬浮物的最终去除率可以达到98．5％、98．8％、98．7％。     

天津市恶臭投诉现状与对策建议

随着人民环保意识的逐渐增强,恶臭污染作为一种扰民污染近些年已越来越引起人们的关注,针对恶臭污染的投诉时有发生。本文针对天津市2006年6月至2007年5月期间的恶臭投诉进行统计、分析,反映了天津市恶臭投诉的时间和空间分布,恶臭污染投诉主要集中在6月-10月,投诉的对象主要是化工、石化、喷漆涂料等工厂以及餐饮业、野外焚烧等,投诉的区域与城市的发展规划和工业布局有关,针对以上特征提出了相应的管理对策与建议。     

城市排水系统管理创新模式的研究

随着排水行业逐步走向市场化,传统的排水系统管理模式已经成为制约排水行业发展的最突出问题。绍兴市排水管理有限公司通过管理模式创新,创建了国内同行中独一无二的以泵站管理标准化为目标的“无人值守,有人巡视”的现代化排水运行管理模式,取得了显著的社会效益和经济效益,为国内排水行业现代化管理树立了典范。     

Study of the potential of barnyard grass for the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil

In this study, the microwave digestion method was used to determine total cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations, the BCR method was used to determine different states of Cd and Pb, and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to determine Cd and Pb concentrations in simulated soil and barnyard grass before and after planting barnyard grass to provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil. The results showed that the bioconcentration factor changes with different Cd concentrations are relatively complex and that the removal rate increases regularly. The 100 mg kg^?1 Cd treatment had the highest removal rate, which reached 36.66%. For Pb, the bioconcentration factor decreased and tended to reach equilibrium as the Pb concentration increased. The highest removal rate was 41.72% and occurred in the 500 mg kg^?1 Pb treatment; however, this removal rate was generally lower than that of Cd. In addition, the reduction state had the highest change rate, followed by the residual, acid soluble and oxidation states. For Pb, the residual state has the highest change rate, followed by the acid soluble state, reduction state and oxidation state. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between the soil Pb and Cd concentrations and the concentrations of Pb and Cd that accumulated in the belowground biomass of the barnyard grass, but no significant correlation was observed between the soil Pb and Cd concentrations and the amounts of Pb and Cd that accumulated in the aboveground biomass of the barnyard grass. The highest transfer factor of Cd was 0.49, which occurred in the 5 mg kg^?1 Cd treatment. The higher transfer factor of Pb was 0.48 in the 100 mg kg^?1 Pb treatment. All of these factors indicate that the belowground biomass of barnyard grass plays a more important role in the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils than the aboveground biomass of barnyard grass. Remediation should occur through phytostabilization. Thus, with its strong adaptability and lush growth, barnyard grass can be applied as a pioneer species for the phytoremediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils.     

废旧车用动力电池安全放电研究

在动力电池回收处理流程中,对于发生过进水、过火、碰撞等情况的危险性动力电池需要进行放电安全处理。此外,动力电池从电动汽车上退役时残余电压很高,动力电池单体带电拆解极易发生起火甚至爆炸,拆解前也需要进行放电处理。以退役车用锂离子动力电池单体为研究对象,对比物理放电和化学放电的安全性,考察放电的安全截止电压、戳穿安全阀、电解质浓度对化学放电的影响。结果表明,电池电压值高于1.0 V时,电池拆解会产生火星,极易起火,电压值不高于1.0 V可实现安全拆解。物理放电后电池电压会反弹,拆解时仍有安全风险;化学放电后电池电压不反弹,可实现安全拆解。化学放电时戳穿安全阀并添加5%的Na Cl可满足产业化放电要求,SOC=100%的动力电池放电至安全截止电压需要15.3 h。对于10 Ah以上的动力电池,戳入深度应控制在5 mm以内,10 Ah以内的动力电池不建议戳穿安全阀。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in e-waste: Level and transfer in a typical e-waste recycling site in Shanghai,Eastern China

Very few data for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were available in the electronic waste (e-waste) as one of the most PBDEs emission source. This study reported concentrations of PBDEs in e-waste including printer, rice cooker, computer monitor, TV, electric iron and water dispenser, as well as dust from e-waste, e-waste dismantling workshop and surface soil from inside and outside of an e-waste recycling plant in Shanghai, Eastern China. The results showed that PBDEs were detected in the majority of e-waste, and the concentrations of ΣPBDEs ranged from not detected to 175 g/kg, with a mean value of 10.8 g/kg. PBDEs were found in TVs made in China after 1990. The mean concentrations of ΣPBDEs in e-waste made in Korea, Japan, Singapore and China were 1.84 g/kg, 20.5 g/kg, 0.91 g/kg, 4.48 g/kg, respectively. The levels of ΣPBDEs in e-waste made in Japan far exceed the threshold limit of RoHS (1.00 g/kg). BDE-209 dominated in e-waste, accounting for over 93%. The compositional patterns of PBDEs congeners resembled the profile of Saytex 102E, indicating the source of deca-BDE. Among the samples of dust and surface soil from a typical e-waste recycling site, the highest concentrations of Σ₁₈PBDEs and BDE-209 were found in dust in e-waste, ranging from 1960 to 340,710 ng/g and from 910 to 320,400 ng/g, which were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than other samples. It suggested that PBDEs released from e-waste via dust, and then transferred to surrounding environment.