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D.Q. Zheng J.K.C. Leung B.Y. Lee 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(13):1699-1705
In the previous work (Zheng et al., 2007, Zheng et al., 2009), a data assimilation method, based on ensemble Kalman filter, has been applied to a Monte Carlo Dispersion Model (MCDM). The results were encouraging when the method was tested by the twin experiment and a short-range field experiment. In this technical note, the measured data collected in a wind tunnel experiment have been assimilated into the Monte Carlo dispersion model. The uncertain parameters in the dispersion model, including source term, release height, turbulence intensity and wind direction have been considered. The 3D parameters, i.e. the turbulence intensity and wind direction, have been perturbed by 3D random fields. In order to find the factors which may influence the assimilation results, eight tests with different specifications were carried out. Two strategies of constructing the 3D perturbation field of wind direction were proposed, and the result shows that the two level strategy performs better than the one level strategy. It is also found that proper standard deviation and the correlation radius of the perturbation field play an important role for the data assimilation results. 相似文献
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Siu-Yin Theresa Leung Ross V. Bulkley John J. Richards 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1982,18(3):485-493
ABSTRACT: Estimates were made of the amounts of selected pesticides entering and leaving Saylorville Reservoir, a new partly filled impoundment on the Des Moines River. Samples were collected at 1– or 2-week intervals at stations above, in, and below the reservoir. Atrazine, alachlor, and cyanazine were found only in the dissolved state, and dieldrin and p, p′ -DDE in both the, dissolved and suspended state. Heptachlor epoxide, p,p-DDT. p, p′ -DDD, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-TP, endrin, lindane, methoxychlor, propachlor, and toxaphene were not detected or were at very low concentrations. Estimated deposition in the reservoir from September 1977 to October 1978 was 281 kg atrazine, 251 kg alachlor, 26 kg cyanazine, 16 kg dieldrin, and 20 kg p, p′ -DDE. 相似文献
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This study examined the levels of seven heavy metals (namelyzinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese and iron) andtheir associations with magnetic properties in playground dustof Hong Kong. Results showed that the playground dust containedhigh concentrations of Zn (mean = 1883 g g-1), Cu(mean = 143 g g-1) and Cr (mean = 263 g g-1).Qualitative examination of dust samples under microscope indicated local traffic as one of the important pollutant sources. Magnetic measurements indicated that these anthropogenicpollutants mainly consisted of coarse-grained multidomain (MD) ferrimagnetic minerals. Superparamagnetic (SP), stable single domain (SSD) ferrimagnetic grains and non-ferrimagnetic mineralswere present in relatively small amounts. Significant correlations between heavy metals and various magnetic parametersindicated a strong affinity of heavy metals to magnetic minerals hence pointed out the potential of magnetic properties for simpleand rapid proxy indications of heavy metal pollution in playground dust. 相似文献
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Developing a Monitoring Protocol for Visitor-Created Informal Trails in Yosemite National Park,USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Informal trails created or perpetuated by visitors is a management challenge in many protected natural areas such as Yosemite
National Park. This is a significant issue as informal trail networks penetrate and proliferate into protected landscapes
and habitats, threatening ecological integrity, aesthetics, and visitor experiences. In order to develop effective strategies
for addressing this problem under an adaptive management framework, indicators must be developed and monitoring protocol must
be established to gather timely and relevant data about the condition, extent, and distribution of these undesired trail segments.
This article illustrates a process of developing and evaluating informal trail indicators for meadows in Yosemite Valley.
Indicator measures developed in past research were reviewed to identify their appropriateness for the current application.
Information gaps in existing indicator measures were addressed by creating two new indices to quantify the degree of informal
trailing based on its land fragmentation effects. The selected indicator measures were applied to monitoring data collected
between 2006 and 2008. The selected measures and indices were evaluated for their ability to characterize informal trail impacts
at site and landscape scales. Results demonstrate the utility of indicator measures in capturing different characteristics
of the informal trail problem, though several metrics are strongly related to each other. The two fragmentation indices were
able to depict fragmentation without being too sensitive to changes in one constituent parameter. This study points to the
need for a multiparameter approach to informal trail monitoring and integration with other monitoring data. Implications for
monitoring programs and research are discussed. 相似文献
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