Nematodentest

For the assessment of contaminated and remediated soils and substrates, and the estimation of chronic toxicity of soil contaminations, an ecotoxicological test was developed using the terrestrial nematodePanagrellus redivivus. The population dynamics expressed by the reproduction factor (VF) allows an estimation of soil quality within seven days. Due to the rapid generation time ofPanagrellus (< 5 d), the short test duration is considered to be sufficient. The suitability of this test duration is considered to be sufficient. The suitability of this test was evaluated by investigating soils which had been contaminated using applications of specific pollutants (lindane and PCB 52).     

Umwelterziehung im Chemieunterricht

Für den schulischen Chemieunterricht wurde die neue Konzeption für einen sonderabfallfreien Experimentalunterricht entwickelt, der ohne methodische Einschränkungen realisierbar ist und keine wesentlichen stofflichen Beschränkungen erfordert. Durch die konsequent praktizierte Handlungsorientierung wird er den Forderungen nach einer effektiven Umwelterzichung in besonderer Weise gerecht.     

COS,CS2 and SO2 in aluminium smelter exhaust

Measurements of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbondisulfide (CS₂) were carried out on samples drawn from a smoke stack of an aluminium smelter. Volume mixing ratios of 6 ppm COS and 0.1 ppm CS₂ were measured for gases from the electrolysis unit that had previously passed an Al₂O₃ fluid bed reactor and electrostatic precipitators. Specific emissions of 1.6 kg COS and 0.03 kg CS₂ per ton of primary aluminium were found. Extrapolating from this particular smelter’s conditions to a world mix specific COS emissions of about 4 kg/t(Al) are calculated resulting in emissions of annually 0.08 Tg COS into the atmosphere due to electrolytic aluminium production in 1995. Besides the photochemical conversion of anthropogenic CS₂ aluminium production is established to be the second major industrial source of COS probably exceeding automotive tire wear’s and coal combustion’s contributions.     

The contribution from shipping emissions to air quality and acid deposition in Europe

A global three-dimensional Lagrangian chemistry-transport model STOCHEM is used to describe the European regional acid deposition and ozone air quality impacts along the Atlantic Ocean seaboard of Europe, from the SO2, NOx, VOCs and CO emissions from international shipping under conditions appropriate to the year 2000. Model-derived total sulfur deposition from international shipping reaches over 200 mg S m(-2) yr(-1) over the southwestern approaches to the British Isles and Brittany. The contribution from international shipping to surface ozone concentrations during the summertime, peaks at about 6 ppb over Ireland, Brittany and Portugal. Shipping emissions act as an external influence on acid deposition and ozone air quality within Europe and may require control actions in the future if strict deposition and air quality targets are to be met.     

Langzeitmonitoring möglicher Auswirkungen gentechnisch veränderter Pflanzen auf Pflanzengesellschaften Konzeptentwicklung am Beispiel von Raps (Brassica napus)

Ecological monitoring of genetically engineered plants (GEPs) is being developed in the Bavarian Environmental Protection Agency. Focusing on oilseed rape (Brassica napus, Cruciferae), a method is being established to measure the impact of the commercial release of GEPs on plant communities. Oilseed rape is known to escape from cultures and to establish outside the fields. It also produces hybrid offspring with wild relatives of the European flora. The study site is located in Bavaria (Germany) and comprises an area of 5700 ha. It is characterized by a mosaic of protected natural habitats in close vicinity to intensively cultivated farmland. In this region species composition and population density of Cruciferae is documented prior to a possible commercial release of GEPs. Furthermore Cruciferae of the study site are tested for the presence of transgenes. Therefore, plant material of selected Cruciferae is randomly sampled. We also test oilseed rape honey from the study site and pollen from pollen traps for the presence of hybrid pollen. The molecular method used is the ‘real-time PCR’. In addition, an intensive monitoring program is established in two types of biotopes, which are located in the study site. Multivariate statistics are being used to correlate plant community data with soil parameters.     

流动注射-荧光熄灭法测定水中的铜

采用单通道流动注射 -新试铜灵荧光熄灭法测定水环境中重金属离子Cu(Ⅱ )。在新试铜灵的浓度为 2 5×10 - 5mol L ,激发波长为 2 81nm ,发射波长为 419nm下 ,Cu(Ⅱ )浓度为 0 12 5～ 5mg L范围内 ,荧光强度与Cu(Ⅱ )浓度呈线性关系 ,检出限 0 0 76mg L ,进样速率 90次 min ,对 3mg L的Cu(Ⅱ ) 10次测定的相对标准偏差为 0 32 %～ 2 97% ,河水和矿井水中加标回收率为 95 %～ 10 5 %。该方法选择性好 ,适合于水环境大批量样品中微量铜的快速测定