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81.
82.
K Yoshida I Fuzesi M Suzan L Nagy 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1990,25(2):169-183
A traditional method to determine operator dermal exposure is to quantify the amount of pesticide coming into contact with specific body regions and then to integrate the deposition density values with the total body surface. It is known that extremely high deposition values may occur in the hand region; however, the source of contamination is generally assumed to be direct splash or contact with the pesticide container. One of the parameters affecting operator/pilot exposure could be the transfer of pesticide residue, particularly in the case of pesticides with a longer half-life, from contaminated surfaces of spray equipment by direct contact over extended periods. If the rate of skin absorption of pesticide is readily known, the expected values of daily dose for an operator or pilot may significantly rise due to the extended contact period. This study produced field data on the surface contamination of spray equipment used for ground and aerial applications. If field data on precise work practice (time-motion) observations are incorporated, it may be possible to estimate the potential exposure of operator/pilot due to hand contact with contaminated surfaces. 相似文献
83.
Hongyu Huang Noriyuki Kobayashi Miwa Sakata Yuko Suzuki Fujio Watanabe Masanobu Hasatani Kiyoshi Matsuyama Shigenori Yoshida Yoshihito Mitsuhara 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):182-187
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from the sodium dispersion (SD) process were employed as the raw materials for the
production of activated carbon using KOH activation. The pore properties, such as the specific surface area and pore size
distribution, were characterized using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method and the Horvath–Kawazoe method based on the N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The activated carbon produced showed similar adsorption capacities and specific surface areas
to the commercially available product. The effects of the activation conditions on the porosity of the activated carbon produced
were studied. The most significant factor affecting the specific surface proved to be the activation temperature. The activated
carbon produced from PCB residues from the high-temperature (423–443 K) SD process had a binary pore size distribution well
developed in the 4 nm region and in the micropore region. The pore structure of the carbon produced from PCB residues from
the low-temperature (333–393 K) SD process had a wide range of micropores and mesopores. 相似文献
84.
85.
The transport processes of seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorinated congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from their major sources to humans were modeled to estimate the time course, from the past to the future, of the human health risk to the Japanese population. The comparison between measured and estimated values showed that the present modeling approach represented the background levels of congeners in the environment, daily intake, and body burden reasonably well, except for in the case of 2,3,7,8-TCDF. Although PCDD/Fs in herbicides have contributed greatly to the daily intake and body burden to the Japanese population in the past, the main sources of the present intake and burden of PCDD/Fs is estimated to be incinerators. The margin of exposure (MOE) for the risk of morphological reproductive alteration in female offspring exposed prenatally was calculated based on the estimated maternal body burden. The results indicated that the MOE values were in the single digits, implying that these values may not be sufficiently large to guarantee the safety of female offspring of mothers born in the 1950s, whereas the MOE values for female offspring born in and after the latter half of the 1990s may be sufficiently large to guarantee safety. 相似文献
86.
Degradation characteristics of a dibenzofuran-degrader Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63 toward chlorinated dioxins in soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nonylphenols (NPs) are the primary stable metabolites of alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEs), a family of compounds widely used in industry and in some domestic products. As NPs accumulate in sediments in aquatic environments, the risk to benthic organisms needs to be assessed. In this study 4NP-spiked sediments were tested on larvae of the dipteran Chironomus riparius. First instar larvae obtained from populations at three different sources were used. To spike the sediments, an equilibration procedure between water and sediment was adopted to avoid the use of solvents. Lower 10-d LC50 values were determined for two populations of C. riparius from clean environments (315-465 and 315-350 microg g(-1) d.w., respectively) than those of a strain deriving from a population collected in a polluted river (600-680 microg g(-1) d.w.). Larval growth always decreased with increasing 4NP concentration but without any defined trend. The results of this study suggest that tolerance to the toxicant can be developed in populations of polluted environments and that testing procedures should be standardised. 相似文献
87.
88.
Masahiko Yoshida Kenshi Kuma Shouei Iwade Yutaka Isoda Hyoe Takata Masumi Yamada 《Marine Biology》2006,149(2):379-392
Cell growth and iron uptake of the coastal marine diatoms Chaetoceros sociale and Thalassiosira weissflogii were studied in the presence of short-aged amorphous ferric hydroxide (am-Fe(III)) media. These were prepared by aging for 1 day, 3 days, and 3 weeks after adding a small amount of ferric iron acidic stock solution to autoclaved filtered seawater and were experimentally measured in culture experiments at 10°C for C. sociale and 20°C for T. weissflogii. The order of cell yields for both species was: 1-day aged am-Fe(III) >3-day aged am-Fe(III) >> 3-week aged am-Fe(III) media. The iron uptake rates by C. sociale during 0–1 day in 1 day and 3-day aged am-Fe(III) media were about two-thirds and one-fourths, respectively, lower than that in the direct Fe(III) input medium containing C. sociale into which an acidic Fe(III) stock solution was added directly. The longer aging time of am-Fe(III) in media results in reducing the supply of bioavailable iron in the media by the slower dissolution rate of am-Fe(III) with the longer aging time. These results suggest that the chemical and structural changes of freshly precipitated amorphous ferric hydroxide with short aging time affect their ability, such as iron solubility and dissolution rate to supply bioavailable iron for the phytoplankton growth. The chemical and structural conversion of solid iron phases with time is one of the most important processes in changing the supply of available iron to marine phytoplankton in estuarine and coastal waters and in iron fertilization experiments. 相似文献
89.
Voltammetric response of ferroceneboronic acid to diol and phenolic
compounds as possible pollutants
Shigehiro Takahashi Naoyuki Abiko Nobuhiro Haraguchi Hiroyuki Fujit Eriko Seki Tetsuya Ono Kentaro Yoshi Jun-ichi Anzai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):1027-1032
A voltammetric determination of possible organic pollutants such as diol and phenolic compounds in water was studied using
ferroceneboronic acid (FBA) as a redox-active marker. A cyclic voltammogram of FBA exhibited a pair of oxidation and reduction
peaks at 230 and 170 mV at pH 7.0, respectively, while another pair of redox peaks was observed in the presence of diol or phenolic
compounds tested. The results were rationalized based on the formation of boronate esters of FBA with the added compounds. The
changes in the redox peak currents were dependent on the concentration of the additives, suggesting a usefulness of FBA in the
electrochemical determination of these compounds in water. 相似文献
90.
Communities on oceanic islands are considered to be vulnerable to biological invasion. However, because the detailed structures of such communities have not yet been revealed, the relationship between their vulnerability and structure is not clear. Because such communities evolved without biological invasion, they are expected to have structures different from those of mainland communities, and this difference is expected to affect their vulnerability to invasion. I conducted computer simulations based on a food web model and investigated the difference in structure between mainland and insular model communities, the former of which evolved with frequent invasion and the latter without invasion. In addition, by conducting computer simulations of invasion of these model communities, I investigated the relationship between community structure and vulnerability to biological invasion. The insular model community evolved to have an unstable structure, in that a small number of plant species supported a large number of animal species, and each species in the community had a small biomass. When a plant species invaded and disturbed the base of the insular model community, many animal species relying on the plants easily became extinct. In addition, when a carnivorous species invaded, animal species with small biomass tended to become extinct. Community collapses caused by biological invasion occurred more frequently in the insular model community than in the mainland model community. These results indicated that those communities that evolved without invasion were vulnerable to invasion. The available data on real insular communities suggest that some have reached the endangered state predicted by this model. 相似文献