Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of PFOS and PFOA in cultured Trachinotus ovatus in China

In this study, investigation was conducted into concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Chinese farmed Trachinotus ovatus between 2014 and 2015 using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) and ultra fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method. The tissue distribution (muscle, skin, liver, kidney and gill) in Trachinotus ovatus was also assessed. The detection frequencies of PFOS and PFOA in fish were 92% and 3%, respectively, and the mean concentrations were 0.392 and 0.015 μg/kg wet weight. The analysis of PFOS distribution in different tissues in Trachinotus ovatus showed the following trend: skin> gill> kidney> liver> flesh. Results revealeded farmed Trachinotus ovatus in China to generally be contaminated with PFOS. Moreover, the average daily intake for Chinese urban residents calculated on the basis of pollution content was 0.268 ng/kg body weight/d (PFOS) and 0.014 ng/kg body weight /d (PFOA), respectively. Both hazard ratio values were less than 1, indicating that exposure levels of PFOS and PFOA through Trachinotus ovatus consumption may not lead to adverse health effects in the Chinese population.     

Raw sugarcane bagasse as carbon source for xylanase production by Paenibacillus species: a potential degrader of agricultural wastes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Paenibacillus species isolated from a variety of natural sources have shown to be important glycoside hydrolases producers. These enzymes play a key...     

Biomechanical response of a submerged,rosette-forming macrophyte to wave action in a eutrophic lake on the Yungui Plateau,China

Few studies have focused on the biomechanical responses of submerged, rosette-forming macrophytes to wave action, water depth, or their co-occurrence in naturally eutrophic systems. The plant architecture, root anchorage strength-related traits, leaf morphology, and biomechanics of Vallisneria natans inhabiting a range of water depths were examined along three transects (T1, T2, and T3) in a eutrophic lake, Lake Erhai, in Yunnan Province, China. These transects were exposed to weak wave action and hyper-eutrophication (T1), moderate wave action and eutrophication (T2), or strong wave action and eutrophication (T3). The results showed that V. natans was mainly distributed at intermediate depths, with the widest colonization depth in T1. The values of plant architecture, root anchorage strength-related traits, leaf morphology, and biomechanics were generally highest in T3 and smallest in T2. Along the depth gradient, these values were generally highest at 3.5, 2.5, and 2.5 m for the plants growing in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. These findings suggest that V. natans adopts a “tolerance” strategy to cope with the effects of strong wave action in eutrophic habitats and an “avoidance” strategy when exposed to moderate wave action in eutrophic areas. Since the absence of an avoidance strategy increases the resistance to low-light stress at the expense of increased drag forces, there is a limit to the wave action that V. natans can withstand. This study indicates that biomechanics could be important when determining the distribution pattern of V. natans in Lake Erhai.     

火前锋附壁的模拟实验研究

设计了可变坡度燃烧实验台,利用气体燃烧器模拟沟槽地形火蔓延中的火前锋。以丙烷为燃料,主要开展了不同坡度和高宽比(挡板高度与燃烧器宽度之比)条件下的气体燃烧实验。结果表明,坡度是影响火焰附壁的关键因素,挡板的存在限制了侧向卷吸从而加快火焰倾斜甚至附着。上坡火前锋存在一个发生火焰部分附着的临界坡度,该临界坡度不随挡板高宽比的变化而改变,该文的临界坡度为10°~15°。随坡度继续升高,高于另一临界坡度时,火焰完全附着在实验台面上,形成薄片状结构,发生火焰完全附着。附着火焰表现出明显的脉动性,随坡度的增大而增强,挡板的存在明显加剧了火焰脉动,而高宽比的变化对火焰脉动特性无显著影响。     

Structured photocatalytic systems: photocatalytic coatings on low-cost structures for treatment of water contaminated with micropollutants—a short review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The persistence of many micropollutants in water and wastewater is of great concern to the contemporary scientific community. Several types of...     

排污单位自行监测监督检查技术研究

排污单位自行监测监督检查对于环境管理具有重要意义。美国分别对废水、废气污染源自行监测监督检查技术有具体要求,而中国针对自行监测的监督检查技术发展不足。笔者在借鉴国内外经验的基础上,提出了基于数据分析和现场检查2种监督检查方式,并阐述了2种检查方式的重点内容。基于数据分析的监督检查包括数据标识判别、单源数据分析和多源数据分析等;基于现场检查的监督检查包括监测活动实施、监测仪器设备、质量控制方案、现场操作规范性、监测结果可比性等。结合自行监测检查的实际情况,从提高效率和可操作性的角度,提出了自行监测监督检查实施路线。     

基于装备制造业企业的长江经济带网络空间特征研究

基于微观企业视角,选取100家装备制造业企业和长江经济带100个空间单元作为研究样本,借鉴城市网络研究方法以及复杂网络理论,探索长江经济带装备制造业网络的等级体系、空间格局、网络联系以及网络复杂性特征。研究表明:节点城市的网络组织能力差距明显,已形成区域性、次区域性、地方性以及次地方性4个层级所构成的金字塔型等级结构;装备制造业网络组织能力在空间上表现出显著的非均衡性特征,形成三大核心区,联系网络总体呈现出从长三角地区向长江中、上游地区逐渐拓展的趋势;同时整体网络结构表现出较强的集聚性、连通性,且复杂网络特征与城市网络地位具有显著关系。     

基于Fluent的整体式催化反应系统降解甲苯的数值模拟

为得到甲苯在整体式催化系统中的燃烧规律,利用Fluent 18.1对整体式催化反应系统中甲苯-空气在铂(Pt)上的燃烧特性进行了数值模拟。通过假设多孔介质内气固间局部能够达到热平衡,建立了三维的多孔介质催化燃烧模型。经验证,该模型能够很好地反映甲苯在整个系统中的燃烧特性。通过对整个反应系统中温度场、浓度场和速度场的工况探究和通过分段控制燃烧反应发现:贫燃条件有利于催化燃烧,富燃条件有利于引发热力燃烧;当量比小于1,入口流速小于2 m·s~(-1)时,有利于催化燃烧,催化转化率在96%以上;当量比较高,入口流速较大时,有利于引发热力燃烧。以上研究结果为该技术的实际应用提供了参考。     

基于主体的建模方法在环境学科中的研究进展

基于主体的建模方法(ABM)通过自下而上的仿真模拟,考察系统中微观层面异质性主体的状态和行为特征、主体之间的交互、主体与环境的作用,来表征系统宏观现象的涌现,是进行复杂系统模拟和政策评价的重要工具。本文在大量文献调研的基础上,总结了ABM在水文领域、土地资源管理、大气污染防治及环境政策评价等方面的研究进展,归纳了其在主体设计、交互关系与规则、系统环境特征等建模范式方面的共性,论述了该方法对环境系统建模分析的重要意义。     

Analysis of the spatial distribution of collectors in dust scrubber based on image processing

The spatial distribution of the collectors in dust scrubber is key in determining the effectiveness of the dust removal process. In the present study, a high-speed camera was used to capture images of the distribution of the collectors. Some of the image information was extracted by image processing, such as the gray mean (GM), the angular second moment (ASM), and the entropy (ENT) from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix of the image. Subsequently, the spatial distribution rules of the collectors were studied by analyzing the spatial proportion, dispersion area, and uniformity and intensiveness of the collectors. It is an intuitive approach and a novel analysis method for the operating state of dust scrubber. The results show that the spatial distribution of the collectors could be better reflected by image processing methods. The dispersion area of the collectors expanded with an increase in the airflow velocity. When the initial liquid level (ILL) was higher, the collectors expanded in an approximate circular shape, and when the ILL was lower the collectors expanded in an approximate sector shape. In general, the variation trend in the spatial proportion enhanced with an increase in ILL and airflow velocity, which is consistent with the uniformity of collectors. When the liquid level was 0?20 mm and the airflow velocity was greater than 6.5 m/sec, the spatial proportion and uniformity of the collectors reached the highest degree. However, the growth rate of the spatial proportion and uniformity of the collectors slowed down and even led to negative growth when the ILL was lower and the airflow velocity was higher. The intensiveness of the collectors was great when the ILL was higher, which was free from the apparent influence of the airflow velocity and the ILL. However, when the ILL was lower, the intensiveness of the collectors was poor, intensifying as the airflow velocity and ILL increased. When the liquid level was ?5?10 mm and the airflow velocity was greater than 8 m/sec, the intensiveness of the collectors reached the highest degree, indicating that a liquid level greater than 0 mm and a higher airflow velocity improved the spatial distribution of the collectors.

Implications: This paper focuses on the spatial distribution of the collectors in dust scrubber. Some of the image information was extracted by image processing, such as the gray mean of the image, the angular second moment, and the entropy from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix of the image. The spatial distribution rules of the collectors were studied by analyzing the spatial proportion, the dispersion area, and the uniformity and intensiveness of the collectors.