应用蚕豆根尖微核技术检测洗发水的安全性状况

本文选择两种洗发水为研究对象,以松滋青皮豆为研究材料,通过试验应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术并结合生物量分析检测洗发水的毒性,结果表明:两种洗发水均能使蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率显著上升,并且随着处理液的浓度上升,微核率也相应增大,表明其具有较强的诱变效应;通过污染指数的分析表明,洗发水属于污染物,在极高浓度下具有非常强的致突变能力;生物量分析显示,随着处理液浓度的升高,蚕豆种子的生物量变化总体上呈下降趋势,但低浓度处理液可能具有一定的促进细胞分裂生长的作用。综合分析得出,洗发水的安全性状况存在问题。     

太湖水体散射特性及其与悬浮物浓度关系模型

水体散射特性与水环境参数如悬浮颗粒及其浓度密切相关.利用Wetlabs公司研制的水体固有光学特性测量系统,于2006-10～2006-11对太湖水体的散射系数和后向散射系数进行了测量.在对水体散射特性分析的基础上,建立了太湖水体颗粒物后向散射系数的光谱模型.此外,利用后向散射率计算水体折射系数,根据折射系数的变化范围,将水中颗粒物的主导因子分为3种类型：①浮游植物主导;②无机颗粒物主导;③两者共同主导.在对散射系数与无机悬浮物、有机悬浮物、总悬浮物浓度相关性分析的基础上,针对颗粒物主导因子的不同,分别建立了散射系数与无机悬浮物浓度的乘幂关系模型.     

Nonfatal bathroom injuries among persons aged ≥15 years--United States, 2008

Problem

Information about where nonfatal unintentional injuries occur is limited, but bathrooms commonly are believed to be a hazardous location.

Methods

Data from a nationally representative sample of hospital emergency departments (ED) was used to quantify and characterize nonfatal unintentional bathroom injuries among people aged ≥ 15 years.

Results

In 2008, an estimated 234,094 nonfatal bathroom injuries were treated in EDs. Most injuries (81.1%) were caused by falls and 37.3% of injuries occurred when bathing, showering, or getting out of the tub or shower. Both injury and hospitalization rates increased with age.

Summary

These results suggest that bathrooms tend to be most hazardous for persons in the oldest age groups.

Impact on Industry

Bathroom injuries among all household members might be reduced by increasing awareness about potentially hazardous activities in the bathroom combined with simple environmental changes such as adding grab bars inside and outside the tub or shower.     

UV、H2O2、O3及其联用工艺对水中DMP的去除效果和降解机理分析

采用UV、H2O2、O3及其联用工艺对自来水本底条件下邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的去除效果、特性及降解机理进行了对比和分析.采用单独的UV光照射不能有效去除DMP;而UV-H2O2联用工艺对DMP具有良好的去除效果.在DMP初始浓度约为1.0 mg·L-1,UV光强为133.9μW·cm-2,H2O2投加量为20 mg·L-1的条件下,30 min后DMP的去除效果可以达到73.08%,在降解过程中,监测到DMP氧化产物;当DMP初始浓度约为1.0 mg·L-1,O3投加量为3 mg·L-1时,单独O3氧化DMP的去除率为55.81%;UV-O3联用工艺对DMP的去除效果略优于单独O3氧化,去除效果提高了10%左右.单独O3和UV-O3氧化在初始氧化阶段可形成不同于UV-H2O2工艺的降解产物;UV-H2O2-O3联用工艺能高效氧化水中DMP,O3的投加不但极大的增强了UV-H2O2工艺的氧化性能,同时抑制了UV+H2O2降解过程中DMP氧化产物的生成,并使生成的产物快速降解.几种氧化工艺对DMP去除效果顺序依次为UV＜O3＜UV-O3＜UV-H2O2＜UV-H2O2-O3.     

胶团强化超滤处理水中阿特拉津的研究

采用胶团强化超滤去除水中阿特拉津。考察了表面活性剂SDBS、pH值、操作压力、操作时间以及温度对阿特拉津去除效果的影响。结果表明,胶团强化超滤法能有效去除水中阿特拉津,最佳工艺条件为:采用分子量为5000 Dalton的聚砜中空纤维膜、SDBS浓度为8.00 mmol/L、压力为0.15 MPa、pH值为10、温度为25℃。在此条件下,初始浓度为10 mg/L的阿特拉津去除率为84.7%。     

Municipal hazard mitigation planning: a comparison of plans in British Columbia and the United States

This paper examines the extent to which 20 municipalities in the Greater Vancouver region of British Columbia have included provisions in their community plans for reducing natural hazard risk and vulnerability. Findings show that the plans are generally lacking in hazard related factual information, goals, and policies, and in mechanisms to promote plan implementation. The plans also do not compare favorably to municipal hazard mitigation plans in the United States. The authors provide recommendations for provincial/state and municipal governments with respect to improving the quality of municipal plans and their capacity to enhance public safety.