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71.
Tobias ML Corke A Korsh J Yin D Kelley DB 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(11):1791-1803
Male Xenopus laevis frogs produce underwater advertisement calls that attract gravid females and suppress calling by male competitors. Here we
explore whether groups of males establish vocal ranks and whether auditory cues alone suffice for vocal suppression. Tests
of male–male pairs within assigned groups reveal linear vocal dominance relations, in which each male has a defined rank.
Both the duration over which males interact, as well as the number of competitive opportunities, affect linearity. Linear
dominance across the group is stable for about 2 weeks; rank is dynamic. Males engage in physical interactions (clasping)
while paired but clasping and vocal rank are not correlated. Playbacks of advertisement calls suppress calling and calls from
high- and low-ranking males are equally effective. Thus, auditory cues alone suffice to suppress vocal behavior. Playback
intensities equivalent to a nearby male advertising effectively suppress calling while low-intensity playbacks are either
ineffective or stimulate vocal behavior. X. laevis advertisement calls are biphasic, composed of alternating fast and slow click trills. Approximately half the males tested
are more vocally suppressed by all slow than by all fast trills; thus, these males can distinguish between the two phases.
The fully aquatic family Pipidae diverged from terrestrial ancestors approximately 170 mya. Vocal suppression in the X. laevis mating system may represent the translation of an ancient anuran social strategy to underwater life. 相似文献
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74.
André Luiz Pereira Raphael Tobias de Vasconcelos Barros Sandra Rosa Pereira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24061-24075
Pharmacopollution is a public health and environmental outcome of some active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) dispersed through water and/or soil. Its most important sources are the pharmaceutical industry, healthcare facilities (e.g., hospitals), livestock, aquaculture, and households (patients’ excretion and littering). The last source is the focus of this article. Research questions are “What is the Household Waste Medicine (HWM) phenomenon?”, “How HWM and pharmacopollution are related?”, and “Why is a reverse logistic system necessary for HWM in Brazil?” This article followed the seven steps proposed by Rother (2007) for a systematic review based on the Cochrane Handbook and the National Health Service (NHS) Center for Reviews Dissemination (CDR) Report. The HWM phenomenon brings many environmental, public health, and, social challenges. The insufficient data is a real challenge to assessing potential human health risks and API concentrations. Therefore, the hazard of long-term exposure to low concentrations of pharmacopollutants and the combined effects of API mixtures is still uncertain. HWM are strongly related to pharmacopollution, as this review shows. The Brazilian HWM case is remarkable because it is the fourth pharmaceutical market (US$ 65,971 billion), with a wide number of private pharmacies and drugstores (3.3: 10,000 pharmacy/inhabitants), self-medication habits, and no national take-back program. The HWM generation is estimated in 56.6 g/per capita, or 10,800 t/year. The absence of a reverse logistics for HWM can lead to serious environmental and public health challenges. The sector agreement for HWM is currently under public consultation. 相似文献
75.
The autopsy findings of a fetus with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 8 are described. Many of the features are similar to those of the tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndromes, types I and II, which are associated with deletions on chromosome 8q24. Other findings in this case, such as total absence of the corpus callosum and intestinal malrotation, have not been described in these syndromes. Genes involved in the development of the latter malformations may reside in adjacent regions on the long arm of chromosome 8. An elevated serum level of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) was found during pregnancy. This aberration should be included with other chromosomal disorders which may be detected by this test. 相似文献
76.
Determination of mono-, di- and trinitronaphthalenes in soil samples contaminated by explosives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We investigated the extraction of eight mono-, di- and trinitronaphthalenes from soil samples by ultrasonic, respectively, soxhlet extraction. Sonication was the more convenient procedure with a usually higher repeatability than the soxhlet method. All extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. These methods were used to determine the concentration of nitronaphthalenes in five soil samples polluted by explosives. The most abundant contaminants were 1,5- and 1,8-dinitronaphthalene as well as 1,3,5-, 1,3,8- and 1,4,5-trinitronaphthalene. In all samples the sum of trinitronaphthalenes exceeded the sum of mono- and dinitronaphthalenes. It is recommendable to include these eight compounds in the analytical exploration of sites contaminated by explosives. 相似文献
77.
C.E. Luthe 《Chemosphere》1996,32(12):2409-2425
Studies on the formation/destruction of dioxins associated with the pulping of wood artificially impregnated with an industrial grade of pentachlorophenol lend support to an earlier observation that ambient dioxins deposition may not necessarily be a unique source of the higher chlorinated dioxins occasionally found in pulps and final effluent discharges. These dioxins, which seemingly occur in products from a wide range of pulping technologies including recycle operations, may also originate from pentachlorophenol-based fungicides. 相似文献
78.
Cristina Valhondo Jesús Carrera Carlos Ayora Manuela Barbieri Karsten Nödler Tobias Licha Maria Huerta 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):11832-11843
Artificial recharge improves several water quality parameters, but has only minor effects on recalcitrant pollutants. To improve the removal of these pollutants, we added a reactive barrier at the bottom of an infiltration basin. This barrier contained aquifer sand, vegetable compost, and clay and was covered with iron oxide dust. The goal of the compost was to sorb neutral compounds and release dissolved organic carbon. The release of dissolved organic carbon should generate a broad range of redox conditions to promote the transformation of emerging trace organic contaminants (EOCs). Iron oxides and clay increase the range of sorption site types. In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of this barrier by analyzing the fate of nine EOCs. Water quality was monitored before and after constructing the reactive barrier. Installation of the reactive barrier led to nitrate-, iron-, and manganese-reducing conditions in the unsaturated zone below the basin and within the first few meters of the saturated zone. Thus, the behavior of most EOCs changed after installing the reactive barrier. The reactive barrier enhanced the removal of some EOCs, either markedly (sulfamethoxazole, caffeine, benzoylecgonine) or slightly (trimethoprim) and decreased the removal rates of compounds that are easily degradable under aerobic conditions (ibuprofen, paracetamol). The barrier had no remarkable effect on 1H-benzotriazole and tolyltriazole. 相似文献
79.
Christoph Plutzar Christine Kroisleitner Helmut Haberl Tamara Fetzel Claudia Bulgheroni Tim Beringer Patrick Hostert Thomas Kastner Tobias Kuemmerle Christian Lauk Christian Levers Marcus Lindner Dietmar Moser Daniel Müller Maria Niedertscheider Maria Luisa Paracchini Sibyll Schaphoff Peter H. Verburg Pieter J. Verkerk Karl-Heinz Erb 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(5):1225-1238
Understanding patterns, dynamics, and drivers of land use is crucial for improving our ability to cope with sustainability challenges. The human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) framework provides a set of integrated socio-ecological indicators that quantify how land use alters energy flows in ecosystems via land conversions and biomass harvest. Thus, HANPP enables researchers to systematically and consistently assess the outcome of changes in land cover and land-use intensity across spatio-temporal scales. Yet, fine-scale HANPP assessments are so far missing, an information important to address site-specific ecological implications of land use. Here, we provide such an assessment for Europe at a 1-km scale for the years 1990, 2000, and 2006. The assessment was based on a consistent land-use/biomass flow dataset derived from statistical data, remote sensing maps, and a dynamic global vegetation model. We find that HANPP in Europe amounted to ~43 % of potential productivity, well above the global average of ~25 %, with little variation in the European average since 1990. HANPP was highest in Central Europe and lower in Northern and Southern Europe. At the regional level, distinct changes in land-use intensity were observed, most importantly the decline of cropland areas and yields following the breakdown of socialism in Eastern Europe and the subsequent recovery after 2000, or strong dynamics related to storm events that resulted in massive salvage loggings. In sum, however, these local dynamics cancelled each other out at the aggregate level. We conclude that this finding warrants further research into aspects of the scale-dependency of dynamics and stability of land use. 相似文献
80.
Henner Hollert Sebastian Hudjetz Evelyn Claus Werner Manz Georg Reifferscheid Peter Heininger Jan Schwarzbauer Wolfgang Ahlf Thomas Braunbeck Werner Brack Tobias Schulze Andreas Sch?ffer und Hans-Toni Ratte 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2009,21(3):235-237
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Verantwortliche Herausgeber: Jan Schwarzbauer · Peter Heininger · Evelyn Claus
相似文献
Henner Hollert (Corresponding author)Email: |
Evelyn ClausEmail: |
Peter HeiningerEmail: |
Jan SchwarzbauerEmail: |