北偏西大风对北京冬季生物气溶胶的影响

生物气溶胶对大气成云过程、生态系统演化和人体健康都有着重要的影响,目前对生物气溶胶浓度、组成和活性的变化规律认识不足.因此,在2013年1月和2015年1月在北京市清华大学校园内进行了采样和观测,以分析气象条件对生物气溶胶浓度和组成的影响.生物气溶胶浓度用生物气溶胶在线检测器WIBS-4A(waveband integrated bioaerosol sensor)测定,生物气溶胶中细菌群落的组成用16S rDNA测序的方法来测定.结果表明,北京冬季生物气溶胶数浓度范围在2~150 L~(-1).风是影响生物气溶胶的浓度和组成的重要因素.主导风向为北偏西30°,风速大于4 m·s-1的大风天气时,生物气溶胶的数浓度升高1个数量级,生物气溶胶中细菌群落的组成也发生急剧的变化.大风天气过后,生物气溶胶中细菌群落的组成缓慢恢复到大风前的状态.     

三峡水库蓄水不同阶段总磷的变化特征

基于三峡水库2003年后的蓄水特点,本文将2003~2017年划分为4个蓄水阶段.根据三峡水库2003~2017年每月的水文水质数据,分析了自蓄水以来不同蓄水阶段总磷的变化特征.研究发现,首次蓄水阶段,三峡水库的滞留效应从2005年开始凸显.蓄水试运行阶段,干流断面总磷年均浓度在2008年沿程明显降低,此后清溪场断面受到乌江高浓度总磷汇入的一定影响.高水位正常运用期,除清溪场断面外,从铜罐驿至官渡口断面,总磷年均浓度呈现沿程降低的现象.上游梯级电站运行后,除官渡口断面外,干流其余断面总磷年均浓度随时间逐渐减小.官渡口断面于2016年首次出现总磷年均浓度高于沱口断面的现象.且总磷丰水期年均值不再明显高于枯水期.同时,在此蓄水阶段总磷浓度与流量相关性不显著,朱沱,铜罐驿和官渡口断面总磷浓度与悬浮物浓度相关性不显著.     

The rhythm of stereotypic behaviors in captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)北大核心CSCD

Stereotypy can be defined as a repetitive behavioral pattern with no apparent function or target in captivity. It is considered an abnormal behavior in contrast to the behavior in wild habitats and is often used as an important index to evaluate the captive environment, which has a significant scientific value. Many previous studies have focused on the impact of environment on stereotypical behavior; however, the rhythm of stereotypy remains unclear. To determine the mechanism of stereotypy, eight giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were investigated 24 h a day from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019, with focal sampling and continuous recording. No stereotypy in the juveniles was noted, while the adult giant pandas displayed different stereotypies. Mean stereotypy durations were 0.72% of the total activity in circadian rhythm, with a peak of mean durations in all seasons occurring at 7:00 am–9:00 am, while, in spring, there was a peak of mean duration at 1:00 am–3:00 am. Although there was no significant difference, mean stereotypy durations and frequencies in the night were longer than those in the daytime. Mean stereotypy frequencies in spring reached the highest level, whereas mean stereotypy durations in winter were maximal. The adult giant pandas in the daytime showed maximal mean stereotypy durations in winter and minimal mean stereotypy durations in busy seasons (summer and autumn), whereas mean stereotypy durations at night were maximal in busy seasons. Despite no significant differences among these seasons, our results suggest that the stereotypy of giant pandas may have diurnal rhythms and seasonal differences. In light of the similar captive environment between adult and juvenile giant pandas, the appearance of stereotypy may be correlated with age, which may be the effects of the environment or a strategy of adaptation. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

电化腐蚀－还原降解－混凝吸附法处理印染废水的研究

为了处理印染废水,介绍一种以铁屑、烟道灰或瓦斯灰为处理剂的新方法,探讨了处理机理,给出了适宜的处理条件和工艺流程。实验结果表明,当处理剂用量比在4：6左右,铁屑过滤和混凝吸附的pH值分别控制在4～5和8～9时,处理20min,经处理后的印染废水,COD去除率和脱色率均可达90％以上,出水COD全部低于100mg/L,水质清澈透明,各项水质指标均符合国家排放标准。该法适用于中小型纺织印染厂的废水治理。     

船载自动监测系统在水质监测中的应用

水质监测是开展水生态环境评价、监管的基础性工作之一。随着对水生态环境保护与管理要求的提高,人工水质监测与自动水质监测相结合的模式应用越来越普遍。以船舶为载体的水质自动监测系统开展巡测,可实现高密度样品采集、检测及信息的实时传输,在长江泸州以下干流水域的实践中取得了良好效果。系统的应用可弥补常规监测断面间距过大、人工监测频次低、固定站房式水质自动监测站近岸取样等不足,对人工监测和自动监测形成有效补充;船载水质自动监测系统能够实现定点、定深、定时监测,可以在河流污染带监测、入河排污行为的监管以及偷排行为的溯源、水污染应急动态监测等工作中发挥有效作用,既可应用于长江干流等河道较宽且水质可能存在岸别差异的河流,也可应用于滇池、太湖、丹江口等大型湖泊、水库水生态环境监管。