桂林盘龙洞土壤CO_2释放速率的分布状况和变化规律

以桂林盘龙洞岩溶实验场为例,选择岩溶洼地里的坡地灌木丛和洼地灌木丛2个样地,通过长期定时监测土壤CO2释放速率的季节变化、空间分布规律以及日动态变化。得知：⑴无论是坡地还是洼地,春季和夏季时土壤CO2释放速率表层土大于深层土,秋季和冬季时深层土大于表层土,且坡地大于洼地;⑵土壤CO2的释放速率具有明显的季节性变化特征,...     

鸡粪模拟堆肥中多重耐药菌、耐药基因和整合酶基因的消减动力学解析

为掌握多重耐药菌、耐药基因和整合酶基因在鸡粪堆肥过程中的消减动力学规律,试验外源添加多重耐药菌,并以其携带的磺胺类耐药基因(sul2)、多肽类耐药基因(mcr-1)、喹诺酮类基因(oqxB)和Ⅰ类整合酶基因(intI1)作为典型污染物,开展模拟堆肥试验. 结果表明:可培养的多重耐药大肠杆菌数量在3 d的高温后得到完全灭活;堆肥10 d后,多重耐药菌总量下降了4～6个数量级. 在高温堆肥过程中耐药基因的绝对丰度随着堆肥过程的进行而逐渐降低,耐药基因aadA、sul2、mcr-1、oqxB的消减率分别为89.39%、97.99%、99.89%、99.81%,intI1基因的消减率高于80%;大多数耐药基因的相对丰度表现出先降低后略微升高的趋势. 基于基因绝对丰度的非线性回归分析表明,“独立”耐药基因(oqxB、mcr-1)的消减速率明显高于与Ⅰ类整合酶基因相连的基因(aadA),多重耐药大肠杆菌16S rRNA基因消减速率为0.128 d?1,半消减期为5.41 d. 堆肥对耐药基因绝对丰度的消减速率高于相对丰度. 研究显示,堆肥可以有效消减鸡粪中多重耐药菌,耐药基因消减规律符合一级动力学方程,与Ⅰ类整合酶基因相连耐药基因消减速率慢于“独立”耐药基因,4种耐药基因的半消减期为1.69~5.81 d.      

溢油事故环境损害评估研究进展

海上溢油污染规模不断扩大,造成了严重的生态破坏和巨大的经济损失,国际海事组织通过了一系列公约,将环境损害赔偿提到议事日程。近年来,许多国家研究者精心设计了评估海洋环境损害的评估模型。本文对这些评估方法进行了梳理,得出溢油对海洋生态的损害评估研究主要集中于两个方面,一个是溢油事故发生后研究者利用实验研究溢油对各种海洋生物的影响,在此基础上,建立评估模型,事故发生后根据溢油的类型、数量及事故海域特征对环境的损害利用模型进行评估。另一个是利用指标生物或计算海洋的生态服务功能损失来评估溢油的环境损害程度。介绍了国内外实际应用的一些溢油评估模型和方法,最后对未来的环境损害评估研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

Spatiotemporal patterns and other impacting factors on wheat production of Tibet,China北大核心CSCD

Wheat is the second-largest food crop in Tibet, China. Along with economic development, the pattern of wheat production in Tibet has changed dramatically, potentially affecting the balance of grain supply and demand, as well as food security. A clear understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and other factors affecting wheat production can provide a necessary basis for the scientific management and efficient production of wheat. Based on the wheat yield from 1990 to 2020 in 74 county-level units of Tibet, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal change patterns of Tibetan wheat production and its impacting factors using the Gini coefficient, center of gravity move method, advantage index, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), and geographically weighted regression model (GWR). Results showed that: (1) the total wheat production in Tibet rose from 1990 to 1999, fluctuated, and then decreased from 1999 to 2020. The production areas are mainly concentrated in the southern Tibetan Valley and counties in the Three Rivers region of eastern Tibet. (2) The spatial distribution and agglomeration pattern of wheat in Tibet is relatively stable, and the production center shows a slight fluctuation trend from west to east during the 1990-2020 time period. (3) Based on the comprehensive advantage index (CAI), Tibet’s wheat production in advantaged areas, slightly advantaged areas, slightly disadvantaged areas, and disadvantaged areas accounted for 13.5%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 40.5% of the total production, respectively; indicating that the regional distribution of CAI exhibits spatial agglomeration rather than sporadic distribution. The patterns are HH (high-high), LH (low-high), and random; 29 hot spots are mainly distributed in Lhasa, Shannan, and Nyingchi, while the cold spots are mainly distributed in Xigazê and Ngari; and (4) the impacting factors on Tibet’s wheat production mainly include effective irrigation areas and agricultural mechanization level as positive factors, and regional gross agricultural product as the main negative factor. In addition, rainfall, other grain output, livestock inventory at the end of the year, and the number of non-primary industries also have an impact on wheat production. Wheat planting area in Tibet has been declining in recent years, thus exhibiting a significant pattern of spatial agglomeration. The three dominant factors affecting the emerging spatiotemporal pattern of wheat production in Tibet are the irrigation condition, mechanization, and local economic development levels. Based on the above conclusions, the study suggests building a high-yield wheat area consistent with local conditions by strictly protecting arable land, improving irrigation conditions, and increasing machinery investment. Depending on the counties of high-yield areas, Tibetan farmers and herders should cultivate the bases of wheat production and build a wheat base for local wheat consumption. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

磷酸法制备颗粒活性炭的研究

直接采用化学法,在一定工艺处理后物料产生自胶合作用,而无需再添加胶黏剂即可生产成型颗粒活性炭.采用正交试验法优化磷酸活化法制备颗粒活性炭的工艺条件.结果表明,磷酸法制备颗粒活性炭的关键是选择合适的浸渍比以及产生塑化的捏合温度,这样有利于物料产生自胶合作用以及产品强度的提高.另外,影响颗粒活性炭碘吸附值最大的因素是磷酸质量分数,影响颗粒活性炭亚甲蓝吸附值及强度最大的因素是浸渍比.在磷酸质量分数为60%,浸渍比为100%,捏合温度为170 ℃,捏合时间为60 min的最优条件下可制得碘吸附值为1 004.15 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为172.5 mg/g,强度为93.6%,比表面积为1 694.150 m2/g的颗粒活性炭.     

模糊、灰色理论在故障树分析中的应用

在故障树诊断中,底事件的概率是很难获得的,给分析计算带来了一定的难度.将故障树分析法与模糊理论及灰色理论相结合,由专家对各种故障模式发生的可能性大小进行评估,通过左右模糊排序法将自然评价语言转化为模糊失效概率值,并对故障底事件进行灰关联分析及关联度排序,对各种故障模式发生的可能性大小做出了判断.     

基于GM(1,1)模型的军用车辆交通事故预测研究

在分析军用车辆交通事故预测技术重要性的基础上,根据2005—2009年的军用车辆交通事故原始数据,建立军车交通事故的GM(1,1)灰色预测模型。对军用车辆交通事故起数和死亡人数进行短期预测,并通过实例验证预测模型的适用性。通过模型验证结果可以看出:GM(1,1)模型预测所得数据较为精确。预测结论如下:未来几年,军车交通事故会稳步下降,事故发生次数会快速减少,但死亡人数相对减少较缓。     

浅析大气环境与健康、疾病的关系

文章对造成大气污染的主要途径,如自然污染、人类活动以及气象条件对大气污染的影响进行了探讨,分析了能源使用、工农业生产过程、交通运输对大气的影响,浅析了大气污染与人类健康、人类疾病的关系,大气污染对呼吸系统、免疫系统,以及对细胞染色体和基因损伤方面的影响。