苯胺-2,4-二氨基酚共聚物对水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

利用化学氧化法合成了苯胺-2,4-二氨基酚的共聚物,并通过静态吸附实验研究了该材料对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能.研究表明,该共聚物对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果显著,该吸附过程为自发吸热反应,符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;其动力学行为符合准二级动力学方程.溶液pH值对吸附性能影响较大,pH 3～6范围内吸附效果较好.吸...     

Differences in the quality of steamed hull-less barley and wheat cakes北大核心CSCD

In this study, three different hull-less barley varieties were used to prepare steamed cakes, and their nutritional value, sensory qualities, textural properties, and in vitro starch hydrolysis were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of total dietary fiber (4.50%-5.12%), β-glucan (2.96%-3.96%), total flavonoids (12.56-38.73 mg/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (5.08-9.53 mg/100 g) in the steamed hull-less barley cakes were significantly higher than that in the steamed wheat cake, which were 0.65%, 0.23%, 3.93 mg/(100 g), and 2.63 mg/(100 g), respectively. The sensory properties of steamed ordinary hull-less barley and wheat cakes were not significantly different, but the steamed 08-1127 (waxy hull-less barley) cake was softer and out of shape. The springiness, resilience, cohesiveness, gumminess, and adhesiveness of steamed ordinary hull-less barley cakes were similar to those of steamed wheat cake, while those of steamed 08-1127 cakes were significantly lower than those of steamed ordinary hull-less barley cakes. Steamed hull-less barley cake also showed a maximum starch hydrolysis rate (38.76%-42.74%) that was lower than that of steamed wheat cake (49.92%), and the contents of rapidly (11.58%-13.16%) and slowly digested starch (5.34%-7.56%) were lower than that of steamed wheat cake (17.21% and 15.97%, respectively). In addition, the glycemic (59.37-61.67) and hydrolysis indexes (35.82-40.00) were lower than those of steamed wheat cake (76.66 and 67.30, respectively), and the contents of resistant starch (2.74%-3.55%) were higher than those of wheat steamed cake (1.68%). Therefore, the steamed cakes of ordinary hull-less barley had a higher content of nutritional components than the steamed cake of wheat, and the in vitro starch hydrolysis parameters were better than those of steamed wheat cake. When it is necessary to consider both nutritional and sensory qualities, ordinary hull-less barley can be selected as the raw material for steamed cakes, but waxy hull-less barley is not suitable for making steamed cakes. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

角腊实验室带你走出黑暗盲区

眼睛失明对人生而言是一个可怕的梦靥。当五彩斑斓的光影永远从眼前消失之后，多少人为此心力交瘁、悲痛欲绝、痛不欲生；当光明的海洋陡然变换成黑暗的世界，多少人为此终日以泪洗面、长吁短叹，精神频临崩溃。     

近50年南京雾霾的气候特征及影响因素分析

利用南京地区5个观测站点1962-2012年的雾日和霾日气象资料,对南京雾霾日数的年际及四季的分布和变化特征、雾霾相互转换的条件及气象要素对雾霾的影响进行了分析。结果表明:南京郊区的年均雾日比南京市区的年均雾日偏多,受地势及污染物等影响,各站有明显的差异。其中,江浦、溧水、高淳雾日数上升趋势明显,而六合、南京两站雾日数略有下降。南京市区的年均霾日是南京郊区的年均霾日的2.7倍,南京郊区和市区的霾日数在1962-2012年期间总体上呈上升趋势,且各站都在2012年达最高值。南京地区平均雾日数秋季最多,夏季最少;平均霾日数冬季最多,夏季最少。分析也表明,雾和霾往往相伴出现,而且可以相互转化,南京市区雾霾多出现在近地面风速较小、风向为东南东和湿度较大等气象条件下。     

河南奥科 让秸秆变身“生物能量块”

采访河南奥科新能源发展有限公司（以下简称河南奥科）的时候,正值麦收季节,虽然自上而到下都有明确的规定,严令禁止梦烧秸秆,但空气中还是弥漫着一股“烟尘”的味道。     

高浓度游离氨冲击负荷对生物硝化的影响机制

工业废水厂或含工业废水较多的城市污水处理厂,在运行过程中可能会意外受到高浓度氨氮废水急性冲击负荷的影响,造成生物硝化反应受到抑制,出水不能稳定达标.为了指导实际污水处理厂应对游离氨(FA)急性冲击负荷造成的出水不达标问题,本文探究高浓度氨氮废水对污水生物硝化系统的影响机制.本文利用序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)处理模拟高氨氮废水,通过监测氨氮最大比降解速率、硝酸盐氮最大比生成速率、亚硝化和硝化比耗氧速率,硝化菌丰度等指标,研究高浓度氨氮废水中FA对硝化菌活性的影响规律.结果表明,FA在低浓度范围内,增加FA急性负荷能够促进硝化活性,而当FA急性冲击负荷大于一定值时,会对硝化作用造成抑制;FA浓度越大,受到抑制的硝化生物活性所需要的恢复周期越长.利用荧光原位杂交分析技术,发现当进水FA浓度(以N计)从3.6 mg·L~(-1)升高到8.1 mg·L~(-1)时,氨氧化菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)菌群数量都略微升高,而当FA浓度大于8.1 mg·L~(-1)时,AOB和NOB菌群数量明显下降.FA对AOB和NOB菌群的临界抑制浓度分别为8.1 mg·L~(-1)和6.6 mg·L~(-1),NOB相对于AOB菌群更敏感.     

活性炭吸附对藻类有机物的去除及其消毒副产物的控制

本文研究了粉末活性炭(powder activated carbon,PAC)吸附对藻类有机质(algal organic matter,AOM)及其典型含氮和非含氮消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs)的去除效能.结果表明,AOM主要含有一些小分子量、亲水性、低芳香度的有机质,三维荧光光谱证实,PAC吸附改变了AOM的组成,明显降低了类腐殖质物质含量,但对芳香蛋白类物质去除能力有限.PAC投加量为20 mg·L~(-1),吸附时间10~30 min时,对于3.30 mg·L~(-1)的胞内有机质(intracellular organic matter,IOM)和胞外有机质(extracellular organic matter,EOM)溶液,溶解性有机碳去除率分别为20.7%~31.9%和12.6%~19.0%.PAC对IOM和EOM中卤代甲烷总生成量的最高去除率分别为26.6%和35.8%;卤代乙腈总生成量的最高去除率分别为49.6%和53.6%,其中二溴乙腈前体物的去除效果显著.PAC对EOM氯化生成的DBPs的控制作用较好.     

外源氮输入对闽江河口芦苇湿地土壤硅含量的影响

河口湿地是各种物理化学生物及地质过程最为集中和活跃的区域,对大气氮沉降的响应比较敏感.当前闽江河口氮负荷增强的问题不断突显,研究外源氮输入对湿地土壤硅含量的影响有重要意义.本研究于2021年3月—2022年4月在闽江河口鳝鱼滩芦苇湿地开展野外原位模拟试验方法,研究不同氮输入条件（CK：对照处理,LN：低氮输入,MN：中氮输入,HN：高氮输入）对湿地土壤硅形态、组分及其与碳氮化学计量比的影响.结果表明：氮输入在一定程度上导致鳝鱼滩芦苇湿地土壤pH下降、电导率上升,对全氮和全碳含量没有明显的影响,但是对土壤硅含量和组分产生了显著的影响.LN、MN、HN输入时鳝鱼滩芦苇湿地土壤中全硅含量分别比对照组下降了10.73%、2.14%、7.75%,而有效态硅含量分别增加了3.46%、2.54%、4.92%;氮输入未改变土壤全硅及有效态硅在0～10 cm深度分布的特征,均表现为表层<亚表层,但在芦苇生长的初期和后期,有效态硅的土层特征表现为表层>亚表层.从土壤硅组成比例来看,有效态硅占全硅的年平均比例在LN、MN、HN输入时分别为6.29%、5.69%、6.17%,均高于对照组（5.44...