基于SWAT-WASP耦合的东洋河流域水质分析

为分析东洋河流域的水质状况,利用SWAT-WASP松散耦合模型对东洋河各子流域及其河道的氮污染负荷进行了模拟.通过SWAT模型模拟污染负荷的分布情况,分析不同土地利用类型及坡度等级对氮负荷的影响,并将SWAT模型氮负荷量及月流量的输出值作为WASP模型污染负荷的输入值,以实现SWAT-WASP模型的松散耦合,进而完成对东洋河河道氮污染负荷的模拟.从SWAT模型结果分析,耕地、居民用地污染负荷较大,是流域氮污染负荷的主要来源.通过SWAT-WASP耦合对河道水质状况进行分析可知,勃塘沟支流水质情况最差,总氮、有机氮污染浓度最高,且41号河段入库浓度指标均高于Ⅲ类水标准要求.     

城市生活垃圾中酞酸酯的微生物降解

从酞酸酯生产厂排污沟中分离到４株酞酸酯降解菌，分属镰孢属（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ　ｓｐ．）、醇母属（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｓｐ．）、不动杆菌属（Ａｃｉｎｅｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ　ｓｐ．）、黄单孢菌属（Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓ　ｓｐ．）。在酞酸酯剂量为５０、２５μｇ／ｍＬ水平的纯培养条件下，４株单菌对酞酸酯的降解率达到７２％－７７％，混合菌的降解率还可提高近１０％。在垃圾堆肥中酞酸酯剂量为１９７μｇ／ｇ的水平下，将降解菌回接堆肥后，不动杆菌属和混合菌对酞酸酯的降解率最高，分别达到７２％和６９％。     

两级混凝-化学氧化处理生活污水的研究

采用两级混凝-化学氧化组合工艺处理城市生活污水，在混凝试验中确定了两级不同混凝剂的适宜投加量，并对自制混凝剂Inx进行了氧化再生重复利用实验。结果表明：经两级混凝-化学氧化组合工艺处理后的城市污水达到国家污水综合排放标准，并且自制混凝剂Inx可以重复利用。     

光催化氧化法降解废气中苯系物的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备以多孔泡沫镍为载体的TiO2薄膜，并用其光催化氧化降解挥发性苯系物(苯、甲苯和二甲苯)。考察了催化剂粒径、反应时间、苯系物的初始浓度、体系的相对湿度和反应温度等因素对苯系物去除率的影响。结果表明，以粒径20．7nm的TiO2为催化剂、甲苯初始质量浓度为200mg/m^3、体系的相对湿度为5％、反应温度为20—50℃、反应时间为60min条件下，甲苯的去除率达76％以上。     

广东省揭西金坑铜锡铅锌矿区矿床地质特征与远景预测

广东省揭西金坑矿区目前已初步查明的(333+334) 级矿石量为2245464.8吨,其中金属量Cu:17596.7吨、Sn:5945.3吨、Pb:31536.9吨、Zn:58095.2吨.矿区主要矿体为脉状,均受滑动破碎构造带控制,总体上可分为两种类型:一类分布于灰白色花岗闪长斑岩中,在空间分布上受滑动破碎构造带控制,矿体顶底板为片理化带,蚀变强,呈脉状、透镜状产于花岗闪长斑岩体内的片理化带所产生的滑动破碎带中.另一类则产于石英片岩、粉砂岩、炭质泥岩层间滑动破碎构造带中,主要由多个连续的或间断的扁豆状、透镜体状的矿脉组成.矿体赋存严格受岩层控制,矿脉与围岩界线清楚.本文旨在通过对矿体特征、成矿机理的深入分析,为矿区为进一步扩大资源量提供理论上的启示.     

西藏拉萨河流域巴嘎雪湿地水化学特征

以西藏拉萨河流域主要天然湿地之一的巴嘎雪湿地作为研究对象,对该湿地水体的pH值、水温、溶解氧(DO)、色度、浊度和15种金属元素的含量进行了分析检测.结果表明,巴嘎雪湿地水的pH、DO平均值分别为7.68、7.01mg/L;湿地水中15种金属元素含量均较低,汞、锡两种金属元素未能检出,其他13种金属元素的含量顺序为:Fe >Cr> V>Ni> Mn> As> Sb> Mo> Pb> Zn> Cu >Co> Cd,并均达到了国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅰ类水质标准.通过比较湿地进水和出水水质的发现,巴嘎雪湿地对色度、浊度和部分金属元素的去除效果显著.对色度、浊度的去除率分别达到了51.73%、94.8%,对不同金属元素的去除效果不同,Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、As、V的去除率分别为64.2%、36.9%、40.7%,28.2%、31.9%、67%.     

Simultaneous removal of COD and ammonium from landfill leachate using an anaerobic-aerobic moving-bed biofilm reactor system

The performance of a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system with an anaerobic-aerobic arrangement was investigated to treat landfill leachate for simultaneous removal of COD and ammonium. It was found that the anaerobic MBBR played a major role in COD removal due to methanogenesis, and the aerobic MBBR acted as COD-polishing and ammonium removal step. The contribution of the anaerobic MBBR to total COD removal efficiency reached 91% at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.08 kgCOD/(m3d), and gradually decreased to 86% when feed OLR was increased to 15.70 kgCOD/(m3d). Because of the complementary function of the aerobic reactor, the total COD removal efficiency of the system had a slight decrease from 94% to 92% even though the feed OLR was increased from 4.08 to 15.70 kgCOD/(m3d). Hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a significant effect on NH+4-N removal; more than 97% of the total NH+4-N removal efficiency could be achieved when the HRT of the aerobic MBBR was more than 1.25 days. The anaerobic-aerobic system had a strong tolerance to shock loading. A decrease in COD removal efficiency of only 7% was observed when the OLR was increased by four times and shock duration was 24 h, and the system could recover the original removal efficiency in 3 days. The average sludge yield of the anaerobic reactor was estimated to be 0.0538 gVSS/gCOD rem.     

基于数值模拟的小流域泥石流危险性评价研究

通过重点研究岷江小流域内6条泥石流沟,采用野外实地调查和遥感影像解译,以及在同实际降雨频率相同的条件下运用FLO 2D进行的数值模拟,重现了泥石流暴发现状,得出其堆积扇危险特征,与实际作出对比验证,计算出其堆积扇面积的误差比率在-25%~12%之间,冲出量的误差比率在-16%~-1%之间,模拟结果较好。并同时对研究区内高、中、低3种危险类型的面积及特征进行分析,得出小流域内的泥石流堆积扇危险面积所占比例。根据相同参数设计模拟5%、1%降雨频率下泥石流结果,得出3种不同频率下的堆积扇平均堆积深度、堆积扇面积和冲出量,可为研究区的泥石流风险评估、预警预报、工程治理和危险范围分区提供有效的参考依据     

焊接防护服标准的修订

本文介绍了国家标准《防护服装阻燃防护第2部分：焊接服》的修订工作以及标准的主要内容和特点,并针对焊接防护服的主要性能指标要求与国际相关标准进行了对比。     

Ground-based observation of aerosol optical properties in Lanzhou, China

Aerosol optical properties from August 2006 to July 2007 were obtained from ground-based and sky radiance measurements in Semi- Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL), China. High aerosol optical thickness (AOT) associated with low ?ngstr¨om exponent ( ) was mainly observed in spring, which was consistent with the seasonal dust production from Hexi Corridor. The maximum monthly average value of AOT 0.56 occurred in March of 2007, which was two times larger than the minimum value of 0.28 in October of 2006. Approximately 60% of the AOT ranged between 0.3 and 0.5, and nearly 93% of value varied from 0.1 to 0.8, which occurred in spring. The significant correlation between aerosol properties and water vapor content was not observed. The aerosol volume size distribution can be characterized by the bimodal logarithm normal structure: fine mode (r < 0.6 m) and coarse mode (r > 0.6 m). Aerosols in spring of SACOL were dominated by large particles with the volume concentration ratio of coarse to fine modes being 7.85. The average values of asymmetry factor (g) in the wavelength range 440–1020 nm were found to be 0.71, 0.67, 0.67 and 0.69 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively.