Identification of priority pharmaceuticals in the water environment of China

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the trace-level contamination of pharmaceuticals in the water environment all over the world. Considering a large number of pharmaceuticals used, it is crucial to establish a priority list of pharmaceuticals that should be monitored and/or treated first. In the present study, we developed a ranking system based on the pharmaceutical consumption, removal performance in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and potential ecological effects, and applied to the situation of China. 39 pharmaceuticals, which had available consumption data and also been reported previously in the WWTPs of China, were selected as candidate pharmaceuticals. Among them, seventeen pharmaceuticals were considered as priority pharmaceuticals, out of which, erythromycin, diclofenac acid and ibuprofen, had the high priority. Compared with other literatures, we found that some pharmaceuticals given concerns to globally should also be included in the priority list in China; while some pharmaceuticals, not mentioned in other literatures, such as cefalexin, ketoconazole, should be also given prior consideration in China. Among all the therapeutic classes, antibiotics, which were grossly abused in China, contributed the most to the priority pharmaceuticals. However, priority antibiotics accounted for only 32% of candidate antibiotics, while 71% and 100% of the candidate anti-inflammatory and antilipidemic respectively were identified as the priority pharmaceuticals, indicating that antibiotics might be overanxiously considered in the previous studies on their behaviors in the WWTPs of China.     

新型SBBR处理畜禽废水脱氮实验研究

以畜禽废水为处理对象,将序批式运行模式应用到好氧三相内循环生物流化床中,考察在不同模式下的处理效果及氮的转化情况。实验结果表明,在室温条件下,进水COD浓度为2 000 mg/L左右,总氮为140 mg/L左右时,保持溶解氧在2~2.5 mg/L,交替好氧/缺氧运行方式处理效果优于单一的好氧/缺氧方式;模式为3 h(曝气)-1.5 h(停曝)-1.5 h(曝气)-1 h(停曝)时系统对总氮和氨氮处理效果最好,总氮去除率达到90%,系统主要脱氮方式为同步硝化反硝化和短程硝化反硝化。     

一种新型Fenton-流化床催化剂的制备及表征

非均相Fenton-流化床体系主要使用石英砂作为催化剂载体,该技术的实际应用由于催化剂活性寿命低、制备困难等原因而受到限制.提出了一种新型的Fenton-流化床催化剂——负载氧化铁陶粒.使用循环浸泡法制备的负载陶粒对苯甲酸模拟废水的处理效果良好.表征结果分析表明,载体表面铁含量大幅度上升,负载的氧化铁紧紧包裹在陶粒表面,且表面有大量缝隙,利于增加反应比表面积,而密度变化不大.该催化剂的催化活性重复性良好,重复使用4次后对苯甲酸模拟废水依然有较好的处理效果.使用该催化剂进行垃圾渗滤液的降解实验能在一定程度上减少亚铁的投加量,具有较好的实际应用前景.     

三种偶氮染料降解历程在紫外-可见光谱上的表现

本文对基本结构相似的三种偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ、活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ和活性黑Ｋ－ＢＲ水溶液在铁粉还原－光氧化两步法处理中的紫外－可见光谱图作对比分析，依据其结构与特征吸收的关系，初步推测还原铁粉－光氧化法降解染料的历程。     

原子吸收光谱分析技术在环境,医学卫生和食品分析方面的应用

回顾了原子吸收光谱分析在我国环境、医学卫生和食品分析方面的应用概况。     

高分子量高纯度阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成

以丙烯酰胺与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为单体,在复合引发剂的作用下,选择水溶液共聚法合成高分子量与高纯度阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)。实验表明,有机偶氮引发剂A用量0.5‰、氧化还原引发剂用量0.45‰、还原剂与氧化剂摩尔比2∶1、反应体系pH为4与反应时间5 h条件下,CPAM分子量为1 042万,且溶解性好。通过对聚合物残单含量影响因素添加剂用量、反应时间的研究,结果表明,添加剂EDTA和增溶剂D对残留AM含量影响小,而苯甲酸钠对聚合物残留AM的含量影响显著;延长反应时间至7 h,残单含量可降低至0.27%,CPAM的纯度高。通过与国内外3种同类型产品进行对比,结果表明,自制产品的分子量明显高于其他产品,且残单含量比国内产品降低了50%～75%。     

胶质芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉及与沸石联合对模拟废水中Fe3+处理研究

研究沸石、胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus Niger)、胶质芽孢杆菌与沸石联合以及黑曲霉与沸石联合对模拟废水中Fe3+的吸附等温曲线，分析它们对Fe3+模拟废水的吸附及絮凝作用。结果表明：沸石对Fe3+吸附作用符合Freundlich方程；胶质芽孢杆菌分泌含...     

折板絮凝池流场的粒子图像测速试验研究

利用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术对折板絮凝池模型中的复杂流场进行测量,分析了折板絮凝池的缩放单元和转折单元内部流场对絮凝效果的影响机制.絮凝试验表明,90°异波折板与90°同波波折板组合的浊度去除率最高,达到了97.7%,这对折板絮凝池的成本效益设计提供了理论依据.     

Geotechnical and leaching properties of flowable fill incorporating waste foundry sand

Waste foundry sand (WFS) can be converted into flowable fill for geotechnical applications. In this study, WFS samples were obtained from 17 independent metal casting facilities with different casting processes, thus representing a good range of WFS properties. The laboratory studies include physical, geotechnical and leaching properties of flowable fills consisting of WFS, cement, and fly ash mixed to different water contents. The main properties measured include WFS physical properties (density, particle gradation, grain shape, and fine content), WFS flowable fill geotechnical properties (unconfined compressive strength, hydraulic conductivity, setting time, and bleeding), and the fill's leaching properties (heavy metals and organics in the bleed water and the leachate extracted from hardened WFS flowable fills). The test results indicate that in terms of the physical properties, most of the data fall within narrow ranges, although data from the copper/aluminum-based WFS samples might fall beyond the ranges. Geotechnical properties of WFS flowable fills in both fresh and hardened phases were verified conforming to the features of specified flowable fills. Material leaching analyses indicate that the toxicity of WFS flowable fills is below regulated criteria. A mix formulation range originated from this study is proposed for the design of WFS made flowable fill.     

基于模糊四元联系数的防洪工程体系安全综合评价模型

防洪工程体系是由随机、模糊、未确知等众多不确定性因子组成的复杂系统,它至今仍是洪水灾害管理的主体,对该体系综合安全进行定量评价可为洪水灾害管理提供重要依据.模糊四元联系数是集对分析中同异反联系数的推广,它可更深入地分析系统中的各种不确定性.利用模糊四元联系数建立了防洪工程体系安全综合评价模型,用联系度可描述评价对象与评价标准之间的关系,其结果简便直观,能清晰地反应评价对象和评价标准间的动态联系.用该模型综合评价了实际防洪工程体系的安全程度,其结果与物元分析等方法所得结果一致.