Comprehensive assessment of toxic metals in urban and suburban street deposited sediments (SDSs) in the biggest metropolitan area of China

A set of toxic metals, i.e. As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr, in urban and suburban SDSs were investigated comparatively in the biggest metropolitan area of China, Shanghai. Results showed that all of the metals except As were accumulated greatly, much higher than background values. Geo-accumulation index indicated that metal contamination in urban SDSs was generally heavier than that in suburban SDSs. Potential ecological risk index demonstrated that overall risks caused by metals were considerable. Cd contributed 52% to the overall risk. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that in urban SDSs, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu and Cr were related to traffic and industry; coal combustion led to elevated levels of Hg; soil parent materials controlled As contents. In suburban SDSs, Pb, Cu, As and Cd largely originated from traffic pollution; Zn, Ni and Cr were associated with industrial contaminants; Hg was mainly from domestic solid waste.     

农药水环境化学行为研究进展

农药在水中的环境化学行为包括农药的光化学降解、水化学降解和农药对水生生物的毒性。结合国内外在农药水环境化学行为的研究进展,讨论了农药在水中的直接光解和间接光解行为;农药水化学降解的机理以及pH、温度对农药水化学降解的影响,并以藻类、鱼类等为例阐述了农药对水生动植物及水生生物群落的毒性。     

净化SO2的生物膜填料塔中微生物类群分析

对净化废气中SO2的生物膜填料塔内的微生物进行了分离纯化并做鉴定,得到一株嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IEL001）和一株分类地位非常接近链二孢属（Bispora sp.）的极端嗜酸真菌IEL002,生物膜填料塔内的极端酸性环境和有机营养的缺乏导致生物膜上的微生物种类较为单一,多样性程度不高。本研究还发现IEL002自身并不能氧化单质硫,但它能促进Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IEL001对单质硫的氧化。     

滇池水体中透明度的遥感定量模型研究

研究利用滇池 1999年 4月 14日陆地卫星TM数据与准同步全湖面监测资料 ,对滇池全湖水体透明度与不同波段遥感值的关系进行了关联度分析 ,并据此建立了TM图像遥感透明度水质模型 ,该模型被成功地应用于滇池水体透明度的遥感动态监测。     

油烟净化器使用过程中的问题及处理方法

随着人民环保意识的提高,国家法律、法规要求的加强,饭馆、餐厅均对油烟采取了治理措施;在日常工作中对饭馆、餐厅油烟净化器使用进行调查发现,油烟净化器使用过程中存在二次污染及闲置的问题。本文通过调查分析查找到了原因,并提出应对措施。这对改善油烟净化器使用现状、提高环境质量、促进社会和谐具有建设性意义。     

Drivers and barriers to engage enterprises in environmental management initiatives in Suzhou Industrial Park, China

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in sustainable development not only for their significant contribution to China’s economy, but also for their large share of total discharged pollutants. Therefore, this research takes the enterprises in Suzhou Industrial Park, China as the case study to investigate the environmental management practices of SMEs, and identify drivers and barriers to engaging businesses in environmental management initiatives. It is shown that, as in other countries, SMEs are less active in adopting environmental management initiatives than larger companies. Legislation remains the key driver to engage SMEs in environmental management initiatives. Based on the analysis, policy recommendations are also presented.     

国外轻型车辆防翻架的设计与制作

根据在海外钻井工程服务项目HSE管理中积累的经验,介绍了国外防翻架的安全标准及其设计、选材、制作和安装要求,为中国油田服务承包商进行轻型车辆防翻架制作提供了参考。     

高精度管道泄漏监测报警定位系统应用

高精度管道泄漏监测报警定位系统是基于管理中心平台上集成了次声波泄漏监测定位技术、最新的卫星定位技术和通讯技术为一体的管道泄漏监测系统.通过在孤东采油厂原油外输线的研发应用,能够准确的监测到原油管线泄漏点,为打击盗油行为,提供了有力保障.     

Conserving water by optimizing production schedules in the dyeing industry

Industrial dyeing processes generate a huge amount of wastewater, because the production lines have to be washed out each time when the dye changes. We propose an algorithm for the optimization of production schedule. It aims to reduce the production time and the amount of freshwater consumption by optimization the groups orders according to color. Furthermore, we develop software based on the genetic algorithm and implement it in a Chinese company. We optimize the schedules in three months of the case company and compare its output to actual data. The results show that compared to the original manual schedules, the optimized schedules cut production time by 10–15%, reduce freshwater consumption by 20–30%, and reduce wastewater generation by about 20%.     

Electricity price subsidy or carbon-trading subsidy: which is more efficient to develop photovoltaic power generation from a government perspective?

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has high investment costs and long payback periods. Therefore, during early deployment, subsidies are fundamental and necessary to accelerate its development. We consider the question of how to promote PV industry development and which supporting policy is more efficient in accelerating adoption. Based on real options method, we establish a subsidy efficiency model for electricity price subsidies and carbon-trading subsidies under two sources of uncertainty power demand for PV and the investment cost-reduction probability. This study aims to compare the two forms of subsidies from the perspective of promoting immediate investment and maximizing the subsidy policy efficiency for the government (minimizing the unit carbon-mitigation cost) and advance relevant policy proposals. An example of China is provided to test the effectiveness of the model and to illustrate the implications of the solutions. The results show that a carbon-trading subsidy is better than an electricity price subsidy and that it is essential to improve the demand for the power produced by the PV power-generation projects. Lower market risk and driving technology progress are both conducive to improving the subsidy efficiency. This study also provides a meaningful reference for governments worldwide to formulate subsidy programs to support PV power-generation projects.