Electricity price subsidy or carbon-trading subsidy: which is more efficient to develop photovoltaic power generation from a government perspective?

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has high investment costs and long payback periods. Therefore, during early deployment, subsidies are fundamental and necessary to accelerate its development. We consider the question of how to promote PV industry development and which supporting policy is more efficient in accelerating adoption. Based on real options method, we establish a subsidy efficiency model for electricity price subsidies and carbon-trading subsidies under two sources of uncertainty power demand for PV and the investment cost-reduction probability. This study aims to compare the two forms of subsidies from the perspective of promoting immediate investment and maximizing the subsidy policy efficiency for the government (minimizing the unit carbon-mitigation cost) and advance relevant policy proposals. An example of China is provided to test the effectiveness of the model and to illustrate the implications of the solutions. The results show that a carbon-trading subsidy is better than an electricity price subsidy and that it is essential to improve the demand for the power produced by the PV power-generation projects. Lower market risk and driving technology progress are both conducive to improving the subsidy efficiency. This study also provides a meaningful reference for governments worldwide to formulate subsidy programs to support PV power-generation projects.     

羧甲基壳聚糖及复合絮凝剂对染料废水的脱色研究

用羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCTS）复合聚合氯化铝（PAC）对分子量较小的活性染料模拟废水进行脱色处理,结果表明,引入PAC作为助凝剂的脱色效果优于单纯使用CMCTS。处理染料废水的最佳pH为5,CMCTS的投加量为90mg／L,PAC的投加量为2．5mg／L,此优化条件下,染料废水的脱色率可达93．4％,COD去除率达88．5％。     

Drivers and barriers to engage enterprises in environmental management initiatives in Suzhou Industrial Park, China

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in sustainable development not only for their significant contribution to China’s economy, but also for their large share of total discharged pollutants. Therefore, this research takes the enterprises in Suzhou Industrial Park, China as the case study to investigate the environmental management practices of SMEs, and identify drivers and barriers to engaging businesses in environmental management initiatives. It is shown that, as in other countries, SMEs are less active in adopting environmental management initiatives than larger companies. Legislation remains the key driver to engage SMEs in environmental management initiatives. Based on the analysis, policy recommendations are also presented.     

应用GIS和聚类分析方法研究危险货物运输路线分布

用地理信息系统技术研究危险货物山东省内运输路线分布,通过在网络数据集上进行的旅行商分析。得到危险货物运输线路包含的弧段。统计每条弧段的危险货物运量,用聚类分析对弧段分类,从而研究危险货物路线分布规律。     

苯乙烯装置的清洁生产方案及实施效果

分析了苯乙烯装置的主要污染源及装置能耗高、物耗高和污染重的重点部位,介绍了主要的清洁生产方案,并对方案实施后产生的效果进行了分析。     

丹江口水库水位抬高面临的挑战及其对策

移民与生态环境问题是丹江口水库水位抬高所面临的主要问题。移民问题是水位抬高首当其冲需要解决的难题,存在政策法规、移民资金、安置措施、脱贫致富等问题,需要以市场为导向,综合考虑诸多因素,制定可行的移民规划,确保移民的稳定和发展。生态环境问题是非常艰巨的问题,水土流失严重、污染源与污染总量日益增加、水质下降、支流库湾富营养化进程加剧等问题将困扰水库的运行与管理,后靠移民的生产生活也在一定程度上对生态环境产生影响;建议成立专门的监管机构,全方位开展水源地保护工作,确保水库水质安全和南水北调中线工程战略目标的实现。     

超声萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中苯并[a]芘研究

采用超声萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测法对土壤中苯并[a]芘含量进行定性、定量分析.土壤样品用正己烷/二氯甲烷(1+1)超声萃取,萃取液经硅胶柱或佛罗里硅土柱净化浓缩定容,乙腈-水为流动相,线性梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测器激发波长为280 nm,发射波长为420 nm,外标法峰面积定量.结果显示:该方法检出限低,苯并[a]芘的检出限为0.15μg/kg.这种方法具有很好的精密度,相对标准偏差为3.9%~8.4%.实际水样加标回收率范围在72.5%~85.8%.能够满足土壤的监测要求.     

反渗透工艺在冷轧废水脱盐处理的应用

利用反渗透工艺对冷轧废水生化处理废水进行处理,获得了较好的脱盐效果。选取进水含盐量、回收率、pH值对系统脱盐率的影响。结果表明:当进水电导率为1 360μs/cm时,系统脱盐率可达94.7%;进水电导率为3 353μs/cm时,系统脱盐率为85.9%。当系统回收率低于77%时,除盐率受其影响较小在90%左右,但是若进一步增加系统回收率,则脱盐效果显著下降。当进水pH值越高脱盐效果越高,但为降低结垢风险,本系统进水pH值控制在7.1左右。     

废水中氨氮湿式空气氧化和超临界水氧化研究进展

湿式空气氧化法(WAO)和超临界水氧化法（SCWO)废水处理技术近年已有广泛研究。当催化剂存在于氧化体系时,不仅能降低反应温度、压力,而且可提高废水中有害物质的降解效率。介绍了氨的湿式空气氧化和超临界水氧化催化剂应用的研究进展、各种催化剂在超临界水中的稳定性能及氨的催化超临界水氧化情况。     

Estimation of Normal Variance Based on Balanced and Unbalanced Ranked Set Samples

In this paper we address the problem of estimation of the variance of a normal population based on a balanced as well as an unbalanced ranked set sample (RSS), which is a modification of the original RSS of McIntyre (1952).We have proposed several methods of estimation of variance by combining different unbiased between and within estimators, and compared their performances