UASB+A/O+UF+NF工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液

采用"UASB+A/O+UF+NF"工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液,工程规模为150 m3/d,工程总投资500万元,运行成本为25元/t;污泥处理工艺过程为:(剩余污泥+厌氧污泥)浓缩→脱水→焚烧。工程设计进水水质指标为ρ(COD)=50000 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)=25 000 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)=600 mg/L,ρ(TP)=15 mg/L,ρ(SS)=9000 mg/L,出水主要水质指标为ρ(COD)≤50 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)≤15 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)≤10 mg/L,ρ(TP)≤0.27 mg/L,ρ(SS)≤4 mg/L,补充到电厂循环冷却水中回用,不但实现了垃圾焚烧污水零排放,还有着较好的经济和环境效益。     

含砷废物资源化产品中砷的浸出特性与环境风险分析

分别以我国某地2种含砷废物(污泥和废渣)为研究对象,用EA NEN 7371实验方法分析其不同资源化产品(烧制砖、免烧砖和含砷水泥等)中As的有效量浸出特性,从环境风险的角度探讨了含砷废物资源化利用的可行性. 结果显示:含砷污泥进行烧砖处置后,其产品中As的有效量浸出率从15%左右升至60%～70%;含砷废渣与水泥进行混合粉磨共处置后,含砷水泥产品中As的有效量浸出率从60%～70%降至4%以下;含砷废渣制成免烧砖后,As的有效量浸出率从60%～70%降至10%左右. 表明含砷污泥不宜进行烧砖处置;而含砷废渣可根据含砷量,在控制掺加比例的条件下与水泥熟料共处置生产混合水泥或作为原材料生产免烧砖.      

Trophic ecology of Grey-headed albatrosses from Marion Island, Southern Ocean: insights from stomach contents and diet tracers

During chick-rearing, albatrosses can alternate between long foraging trips that provide the main source of food for the adults and short foraging trips that they use to feed their young. This flexibility in foraging behaviour can lead to differences in diet composition between adults and chicks and implies that they may be vulnerable in different ways to food shortages. The trophic ecology of the Grey-headed albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma was investigated at the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands during the chick-rearing period in April 2006 using a combination of approaches. Diets of adults and chicks were assessed using stable isotope ratios and fatty acid (FA) profiles of blood and/or stomach oils, in addition to stomach contents analysis. Fish from the family Macrouridae and cephalopods (particularly the onychoteuthid Kondakovia longimana) were the primary prey, whereas crustaceans (krill Euphausia superba) represented a smaller proportion of the stomach contents. Stomach oil FA profiles contained more monounsaturated FA than the profiles of plasma, which were richer in saturated FA and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). There was also a distinct separation of adults from chicks, with higher levels of monounsaturates in chick plasma, and higher saturated FA levels (particularly 16:0) in the adult plasma. Stable carbon isotope ratios of whole blood were similar in adults and chicks, whereas stable nitrogen isotope ratios showed significant enrichment by >1‰ in chicks. The combined FA, stable isotopes and stomach contents analyses suggest clear differences in diet quality between adults and chicks, with chicks feeding at a higher trophic position through feeding more on highly nutritious fish and adults keeping much of the less nutritious zooplankton for themselves.     

不同油类对虾蟹类幼体的胁迫效应

了解不同油类对虾蟹类幼体的急性毒性效应。曝油处理采用磁力搅拌器搅拌,一定时间的超声波乳化等操作,模拟溢油在海洋中风浪、涡动、湍流的乳化过程;设置阶梯浓度组,并在多个平行组急性试验的基础上,估算出8种油品对2种虾类和2种蟹类的半致死质量浓度LC50和安全质量浓度MPC,并运用程序编制溢油质量浓度与虾蟹类死亡率相关性的估算模型。经过分析,结果得到：各MPC值参差不齐,差距较大;燃料油普遍比原油的毒性效应大;相同生长阶段,蟹类比虾类抗油毒害性强、中国明对虾Fenneropenaeuschinensis比日本囊对虾Marsupenaeusjaponicus抗油毒害性强、锯缘青蟹Scyllaserrata比三疣梭子蟹Portunustrituberculatu抗油毒害性强。编制的溢油质量浓度与死亡率相关性的评估模型,简易方便直观,为渔业污染事故理赔提供了一定的参考价值,亦为海域的生态经济学评估提供了一种新的研究方法。     

Development of pretreatment protocol for DNA extraction from biofilm attached to biologic activated carbon (BAC) granules

The biologic activated carbon (BAC) process is widely used in drinking water treatments. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the microbial community structure provides very helpful data to improve the reactor performance. However, the bottleneck of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from BAC attached biofilm has to be solved since the conventional procedure was unsuccessful due to firm biomass attachment and adsorption capacity of the BAC granules. In this study, five pretreatments were compared, and adding skim milk followed by ultrasonic vibration was proven to be the optimal choice. This protocol was further tested using the vertical BAC samples from the full-scale biofilter of Pinghu Water Plant. The results showed the DNA yielded a range of 40 μg·g^-1 BAC (dry weight) to over 100 μg·g^-1 BAC (dry weight), which were consistent with the biomass distribution. All results suggested that the final protocol could produce qualified genomic DNA as a template from the BAC filter for downstream molecular biology researches.     

Removal of high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil by biodiesel

Solubilizing experiments were carried out to evaluate the ability of biodiesel to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from highly contaminated manufactured gas plant (MGP) and PAHs spiked soils with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and tween 80 as comparisons. Biodiesel displayed the highest solubilities of phenanthrene (420.7 mg·L^-1), pyrene (541.0 mg·L^-1), and benzo(a)pyrene (436.3 mg·L^-1). These corresponded to several fold increases relative to 10% HPCD and tween 80. Biodiesel showed a good efficiency for PAH removal from the spiked and MGP soils for both low molecular weight and high molecular weight PAHs at high concentrations. Biodiesel was the best agent for PAH removal from the spiked soils as compared with HPCD and tween 80; as over 77.9% of individual PAH were removed by biodiesel. Tween 80 also showed comparable capability with biodiesel for PAH solubilization at a concentration of 10% for the spiked soils. Biodiesel solubilized a wider range of PAHs as compared to HPCD and tween 80 for the MPG soils. At PAH concentrations of 229.6 and 996.9 mg·kg^-1, biodiesel showed obvious advantage over the 10% HPCD and tween 80, because it removed higher than 80% of total PAH. In this study, a significant difference between PAH removals from the spiked and field MGP soils was observed; PAH removals from the MGP soil by HPCD and tween 80 were much lower than those from the spiked soil. These results demonstrate that the potential for utilizing biodiesel for remediation of highly PAH-contaminated soil has been established.     

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Biocomposites Based on Polyethylene from Renewable Resources Modified with Ionic Liquids

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Biocomposites based on polyethylene from renewable resources derived from sugar cane as raw material were modified with phosphonium ionic liquids....     

油气钻井作业对地下水污染治理研究＊

分析了钻井作业对地下水污染的特点、污染途径,针对性地提出了钻井作业对地下水污染的预防措施,以及污染物处理技术,其中氧化还原技术、气体抽取技术、环境生物技术主要用于有机物污染治理,SRB技术、废弃钻井液固化技术、钻井液转换为水泥浆(MTC)的固井技术可用于处理废弃钻井液。钻井引起的污染治理应以"预防为主,防治结合",切实推行清洁生产和HSE管理。     

钒钛磁铁矿制备絮凝剂用于有机污水处理的研究

以钒钛磁铁矿为原料,利用盐酸浸出工艺制备铁、钛、钒三元絮凝剂,对工艺条件进行优化后用于处理模拟有机污水,并与聚合氯化铁(PFC)的絮凝效果进行对比.结果表明:在浸出时间为4 h、浸出温度为80℃、液固质量比为5、盐酸初始质量分数为20％时,浸出效果最佳,钒、铁、钛的浸出率分别为99.98％、97.77％、10.41％;...     

湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复形势与对策研究

文章重点分析了湖北长江三峡地区生态功能定位、生态保护修复重点,剖析了湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复形势,在介绍湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点的基础上,深入分析了该工程试点推进中的难点问题.提出了相应对策:坚持用系统思维推进山水林田湖草整体保护和修复;加强生态环境问题突出区域重点攻坚,着力解决...