N和P对锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiellat trochoidea)生长及孢囊形成的影响

在实验室设置了5个N、P浓度梯度，研究了它们对锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）营养细胞生长和孢囊形成的综合效应。结果表明，当N、P浓度分别超过10和1．5μg／L时，就能维持锥状斯氏藻一定的种群数量，而在高N、P浓度组（N浓度为500μg／L，P浓度为74μg／L组）的生长势态明显优于其他浓度组，稳定生长期持续时间较长，且有着较高的细胞比生长速率。孢囊一般在营养细胞达到稳定生长期后开始形成，但低营养盐浓度组孢囊开始形成的时间较早。各试验组孢囊形成率相近，最终形成率为17．8％～35．6％。     

呼和浩特市不同粒径空气颗粒物中汞的分布规律

采用分级采样装置 ,于冬夏两季采集呼市三个不同功能区不同粒径空气颗粒物中的汞进行分析 ,结果表明 :呼市空气颗粒物中的汞含量冬季明显高于夏季 ;冬季空气颗粒物中的汞含量为居民区 >交通区 >对照区 ,夏季为交通区 >居民区 >对照区 ;空气中汞主要富集在可吸入粒子中。     

噪声仲裁监测过程中的点位布设

阐述了噪声仲裁监测过程中点位的布设方法以及应该注意的问题     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)夏眠期间消化道的组织学研究

运用切片和扫描电镜技术对刺参夏眠状态和正常状态的消化道进行了组织学比较研究。结果表明，与正常状态下相比，进入夏眠后刺参消化道发生退化，消化道整体变细，变短。消化道各部分的界限变得不明显。消化道基本结构未发生变化，仍然由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜组成。但内表面柱状细胞变矮，皱襞减少，纤毛和微绒毛几乎完全脱落，分泌颗粒减少或消失。粘膜下层结缔组织变得稀疏，细胞数目减少。肌层变薄。外膜外表面的变化不大，但出现增厚的现象。对于不同夏眠阶段刺参消化道的区别有待于进一步研究。     

城市垃圾渗滤液氨氮吹脱研究

本文从相平衡与气液传质速率两方面对城市垃圾渗滤液 NH+4-N吹脱工艺的主要影响因素进行了理论分析 ,并在 Φ75 0 mm填料塔中对渗滤液的 p H值、喷淋密度以及液气比进行了实验研究 ,获得了适宜的操作条件。     

Effects of cerium on growth and physiological mechanism in plants under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

Effect of cerium （Ce^3＋） on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system in rape seedlings （Brassica juncea L.） exposed to two levels of UV-B radiation （T1： 0.15 W/m^2 and T2：0.35 W/m^2） was studied by hydroponics under laboratory conditions. After 5 d of UV-B treatment, the aboveground growth indices were obviously decreased by 13.2%-44. 1%（T1） and 21.4%-49.3% （T2）, compared to CK, and except active absorption area of roots, the belowground indices by 14.1%-35.6%（T1） and 20.3%-42.6% （T2）. For Ce＋UV-B treatments, the aboveground and belowground growth indices were decreased respectively by 4.1%-23.6%, 5.2% -23.3%（Ce＋T1） and 10.8%-28.4%, 7.0%-27.8%（Ce＋T2）, lower than those of UV-B treatments. The decrease of growth indices appeared to be the result of changes of physiological processes. Two levels of UV-B radiation induced the decrease in chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency by 11.2%-25.9%（T1） and 20.9%- 56.9%（T2）, whereas increase in membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） by 6.9%, 22.8%, 21.5%, 9.5%（T1） and 36.6%, 122.3%, 103.5%, 208.9%（T2）, respectively. The reduction of the photosynthetic parameters in Ce＋UV-B treatments was lessened to 3.2%-13.8%（Ce＋T1） and 4.9%-27.6%（Ce＋T2）, and the increase of membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes except POD in the same treatments were lessened to 2.4%, 8.4%, 6.6%（Ce＋T1） and 30.1%, 116.7%, 75.4%（Ce＋T2）. These results indicate that the regulative effect of Ce on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymatic function is the ecophysiological basis of alleviating the suppression of UV-B radiation on growth of seedlings. Furthermore, the protective effect of Ce on seedlings exposed to TI level of UV-B radiation is superior to T2 level.     

切割钢渣活化过硫酸盐降解偶氮类染料酸性红73

切割钢渣是钢铁生产过程中的固体废弃物,如何有效处理和利用这些废渣具有减少环境污染、实现废物资源化的重要意义.本文选择河北邢台钢铁厂中切割钢渣为过硫酸盐(PS)活化剂,活化过硫酸盐(PS)去除水相中偶氮染料酸性红73(AR73),实验表明,25 mg·L~(-1) AR73在15 min内,其降解率为99.9%,TOC矿化率达58.6%.同时考察了钢渣投入量、PS浓度、初始pH值等影响因素对AR73降解效率的影响:随着PS浓度、钢渣投入量的增加,AR73的降解速率也逐渐增加;在pH为3～9时,AR73均可被有效去除,酸性条件更有利于AR73的去除.活性自由基猝灭实验表明,酸性红73的降解是通过自由基和非自由基两种机制实现的,且钢渣可多次回收重复利用.钢渣活化PS技术,还可有效去除蒽醌类染料(活性蓝19),其去除率为99.9%,矿化率可达92.0%;同时该技术对某印染废水(COD_(Cr)=5625 mg·L~(-1))的去除率达49.9%.本文所构建的切割钢渣活化过硫酸盐(PS)技术可应用于偶氮印染废水的处理,实现"以废治废"的目标.     

Effects of simulated acid rain on cation release in soils of South China

This paper deals with the release of base cations and Al3+ at the treatment with simulated acid rain (SAR) in main soil types collected from South China. Results showed that the amounts of base cations increased obviously when the pH value of simulated acid rain was lower than 3.0 or 3.5. Compared with the leaching of K+ and Na+, the leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was affected by the pH value of SAR. Only when the amounts of base cations leached from soils exceeded the cation exchange capacity, the pH value of leaching solutions decreased sharply and the amounts of released Al3+ increased. The H+ buffering mechanisms, which were affected notonly by the pH values of SAR, but also by the types and solid components of soils, were proposed for the main soils studied.     

2019年西安首场雾霾PM2.5关键特征的综合诊断

通过对WRF-Chem（Weather Research and Forecasting Model Coupled to Chemistry）环境模式模拟资料、HYSPLIT（HYbrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model）前/后向气团轨迹资料、环境站监测资料，以及西安理工大学（Xi''an University of Technology，简称XUT）多波长激光雷达、米散射激光雷达、能见度仪、粒谱仪等观测资料的综合诊断，探讨了2019年1月初发生在西安的雾霾过程（记为首场雾霾）PM_2.5组分、分布及传输特征，旨在为雾霾气溶胶研究提供有益的个例积累.定性、定量双重检验表明，Chem模式较成功复制了此次雾霾气溶胶过程.利用这些可靠的模式数据分析表明，PM_2.5中碳气溶胶的主要组分为有机碳，约占85%，强盛期气溶胶各组分随高度增加均呈递减趋势，各组分近地面浓度最高.通过对两类不同方法获取的消光系数对比分析表明，相比于模式数据，激光雷达数据具有更高的垂直分辨率，因此，更善于描述消光廓线的细节特征.通过对多源资料的综合诊断最终揭示出，"北风涌"是雾霾消散的关键影响因子，沿铜川-西安-山阳一带存在着污染物传输的重要路径，雾霾由此体现出自北向南依次消散的特征.     

公路设计中的环境保护工作

阐述了公路建设中环境保护工作的意义，提出在公路工程勘察设计工作中对环境保护的典型作法和取得的效果。