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201.
Marcella Ruta Carlo Gaggi Emanuele Bernardini Silvia Focardi Eleonora Magaldi 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3):207-219
Five arsenic-resistant bacterial strains designated MT1, MT2, MT3, V1 and V2 were isolated from sediments of the Oliveri-Tindari Lagoon (Italy), which comprises six small lakes whose sediments contain low arsenic concentrations. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences assigned them to the genus Bacillus. Bacillus sp. strain MT3 showed higher tolerance to As(III) and As(V), as indicated by minimum inhibitory concentrations of 14 and 135 mmol?1, respectively. Bacillus sp. strain V1 showed growth inhibition at 14 mmol?1 in the presence of As(III) and at 68 mmol?1 in the presence of As(V), whereas the arsenic resistance of Bacillus sp. strain MT1 was 10 and 27 mmol?1 for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The strains Bacillus spp. MT2 and V2 showed low levels of As(III) and As(V) resistance, as it was unable to grow at concentrations>7 and 14 mmol?1, respectively. The isolated arsenic-resistant Bacillus spp. strains were able to reduce As(V) to As(III), especially Bacillus spp. strain MT3. This study suggests that the isolated bacterial strains play a role in the arsenic biogeochemical cycle of arsenic-poor sediments in the Oliveri-Tindari Lagoon. 相似文献
202.
Alessandra Colombo Giuseppe Cappelletti Silvia Ardizzone Iolanda Biraghi Claudia L. Bianchi Daniela Meroni Carlo Pirola Francesca Spadavecchia 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(1):55-60
Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor. Complete mineralization of bisphenol A is therefore a primary environmental issue.
Here, the combination of ozonation and photocatalysis by TiO2 is proposed for the degradation and final mineralization of bisphenol A. TiO2 films deposited onto two sides of an Al lamina show good stability and high surface roughness. We used a specific experimental
setup employing two facing ultraviolet lamps and TiO2 layers, together with an ozone flux. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry determinations on bisphenol
A solutions sampled at different reaction times and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses of the oxide at the end of the reaction
were performed to study the reaction intermediates and the overall degradation mechanism. Our results show that pollutant
mineralization achieved with the combined method is far higher, of 55% in the case of 0.3 mM bisphenol A, than those obtained
by individual treatments such as photolysis (<3%), ozonation (6%), photocatalysis (6%), and by other combined processes: photolytic
ozonation (13%) and catalytic ozonation (15%). This finding is explained by the occurrence of highly synergistic effects. 相似文献
203.
This study is aimed at assessing the feasibility of concrete production using stabilized m.s.w. (municipal solid waste) incineration fly ashes in addition to natural aggregates. The tested fly ashes were washed and milled, then stabilized by a cement-lime process and finally were reused as a "recycled aggregate" for cement mixture production, in substitution of a natural aggregate (with dosage of 200-400 kg m(-3)). These mixtures, after curing, were characterized with conventional physical-mechanical tests (compression, traction, flexure, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage). In samples containing 200 kg(waste) m(-3)(concrete), a good compressive strength was achieved after 28 days of curing. Furthermore, concrete leaching behavior was evaluated by means of different leaching tests, both on milled and on monolithic samples. Experimental results showed a remarkable reduction of metal leaching in comparison with raw waste. In some cases, similar behavior was observed in "natural" concrete (produced with natural aggregates) and in "waste containing" concrete. 相似文献
204.
Evaluation of the use of a sequential extraction procedure for the characterization and treatment of metal containing solid waste 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Metal containing wastes like MSWI fly ashes and blast furnace sludge form a major environmental problem as they are polluted with heavy metals. The ash has to be landfilled or can be used as a construction material, but a pretreatment is in general necessary. Washing of the ashes with water in order to dissolve soluble salts or extracting the heavy metals with chemicals are possibilities. Blast furnace sludge contains large quantities of iron and carbon and could be recycled in the blast furnace, if the zinc content were not that high. Using a hydrometallurgical process the zinc can be removed from the sludge particles. In order to evaluate such treatment methods knowledge of the leaching behaviour of the studied material is very important. One of the factors influencing the leaching behaviour is the composition and mineralogy of the solids. A sequential extraction procedure, whereby the material is sequentially leached with different leaching solutions, can be used as an aid to characterize the material and to determine which chemical conditions are needed to obtain a sufficient extraction efficiency. To verify the accuracy of the sequential extraction procedure, a method is tested on MSWI fly ash and evaluated by comparing the results with those of leaching experiments whereby the final pH of the leaching solutions is varied over a wide range. Based upon this evaluation some suggestions for the use of the sequential extraction procedure are made and an adapted procedure is suggested, and applied to a blast furnace sludge. 相似文献
205.
The recent biomedical, technological, and normative changes have led healthcare organizations to the implementation of clinical governance as a way to ensure the best quality of care in an increasingly complex environment. Risk management is one of the most relevant aspects of clinical governance and approaches put forward in literature highlight the necessity to perform comprehensive analyses intended to uncover root causes of adverse events.Contributing to this field, the present paper applies Reason’s theory of failures to work out a systemic methodology to study risks impacting not only directly but also indirectly on patients. Also, the steps of such approach are organized around Human Reliability Assessment phases, in order to take into account the human component of healthcare systems. This framework is able to foster effective decision making about reducing failures and waste and to improve healthcare organizations’ maturity towards risk management.The developed methodology is applied to the pharmacy department of a large Italian hospital. An extensive validation in different healthcare settings is required to fully prove benefits and limitations. 相似文献
206.
Introduction
The importance of risk perception for workplace safety has been highlighted by the inclusion of risk appraisals in contemporary models of precautionary behavior at work. Optimism bias is the tendency to think that negative events are less likely to happen to oneself than to the average person, and is proposed to be related to the reduced use of precautions.Method
Building on studies of optimism bias for workplace hazards using samples with heterogenous risk profiles, the current study aimed to investigate whether optimism bias is present in a sample of workers exposed to similar workplace hazards. 175 Australian construction workers completed a brief survey that asked them to rate the likelihood of common construction industry hazards occurring to them and to the average worker of the same age doing the same job. Significant levels of optimism bias were found for many hazards (including being electrocuted, being trapped in a confined space, falling from heights, and causing someone else to have an injury).Results
Optimism bias was not related to perceived controllability, contrary to findings in other domains, yet consistent with findings of optimism bias for workplace hazards. Optimism bias was not found to be related to a reduction in safe work behaviors, though this may be due to difficulties in measuring safe or precautionary behavior, such as social desirability.Impact on industry
That most workers think that hazards are less likely to happen to them than to the average worker presents a significant problem because it may ameliorate the efficacy of safety programs, yet constitutes a largely unexplored opportunity for improving workplace safety performance. 相似文献207.
De Pippo T Donadio C Guida M Petrosino C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(3):184-191
Background, Aim and Scope Analysis of the morphological, geological and environmental characteristics of the Sarno River basin has shown the present
degraded condition of the area. Over the past thirty years, the supply of untreated effluent of domestic, agricultural and
industrial origin has ensured the presence of high concentrations of pollutants, including heavy metals. The geological context
of the catchment area has played a major part in determining the current ecological conditions and public health problems:
while human activity has modified the landscape, the natural order has indirectly contributed to increasing the environmental
impact.
Results and Discussion The health situation is precarious as the basin's inhabitants feed on agricultural and animal products, and use polluted
water directly or indirectly. The hazard of contracting degenerative illnesses of the digestive or respiratory apparatus,
bacterial infections or some neoplasia has gradually increased, especially in the last five years. Moreover, polluted basin
waters flowing into the Bay of Naples increase sea water contamination, thereby damaging tourism, public health and degrading
the local littoral quality.
Conclusion The overview presented shows how the environmental state of the Sarno River basin gives considerable cause for concern. The
basin's complex geomorphologic setting has a direct bearing on local environmental and health conditions. The analysis of
the available data demonstrates how the physical aspects of the area are closely linked to the diffusion and concentration
of the pollutants, and how the latter ones have a large influence on the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the local population.
Recommendation and Perspective Specific interventions need to be undertaken to monitor and improve the chemical, physical and microbiological conditions
of water and sediments, especially in light of the geomorphological vulnerability of the river basin. 相似文献