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91.
92.
93.
Catherine Legrand Emil Fridolfsson Mireia Bertos-Fortis Elin Lindehoff Per Larsson Jarone Pinhassi Agneta Andersson 《Ambio》2015,44(3):427-438
The microbial part of the pelagic food web is seldom characterized in models despite its major contribution to biogeochemical cycles. In the Baltic Sea, spatial and temporal high frequency sampling over three years revealed changes in heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton coupling (biomass and production) related to hydrographic properties of the ecosystem. Phyto- and bacterioplankton were bottom-up driven in both coastal and offshore areas. Cold winter temperature was essential for phytoplankton to conform to the successional sequence in temperate waters. In terms of annual carbon production, the loss of the spring bloom (diatoms and dinoflagellates) after mild winters tended not to be compensated for by other taxa, not even summer cyanobacteria. These results improve our ability to project Baltic Sea ecosystem response to short- and long-term environmental changes. 相似文献
94.
Sean Pascoe Toni Cannard Eddie Jebreen Catherine M. Dichmont Jacki Schirmer 《Ambio》2015,44(5):401-411
Predicting who may leave a fishery is an important consideration when designing capacity reduction programs to enhance both ecological and economic sustainability. In this paper, the relationship between satisfaction and the desire to exit a fishery is examined for the Queensland East Coast Trawl fishery. Income from fishing, and changes in income over the last 5 years, were key factors affecting overall satisfaction. Relative income per se was not a significant factor, counter to most satisfaction studies. Continuing a family tradition of fishing and, for one group, pride in being a fisher was found to be significant. Satisfaction with fishing overall and the challenge of fishing were found to be the primary drivers of the desire to stay or leave the fishery. Surprisingly, public perceptions of fishing, trust in management and perceptions of equity in resource allocation did not significantly affect overall satisfaction or the desire to exit the fishery. 相似文献
95.
Christian Mougin Claude Jolivalt Pierre Briozzo Catherine Madzak 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(2):145-148
Laccases are multicopper oxidases mainly secreted by filamentous fungi. Producing radical forms from organic substrates, they
are involved in numerous reactions leading to the degradation and polymerization of xenobiotics. Our studies have led to a
better knowledge of the structural, catalytic and genetic properties of laccases and allowed to develop a strategy for their
evolution through genetic engineering. Here, we show that fungal laccases, wild or engineered, may be potent tools to develop
bioremediation processes of soils polluted by organic compounds, and assays to assess the ecotoxicological impact of these
pollutants on soil fungi. 相似文献
96.
Catherine E. deRivera Patricia R. Backwell John H. Christy Sandra L. Vehrencamp 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,53(2):72-83
In most species, only one sex searches for mates while the other waits. Models of sex-specific mate-searching behavior predict single-sex searching, but the factors that determine which sex searches are not understood. In this study, we examine the effects of density and predation risk on mate-searching behavior in the fiddler crab Uca beebei. U. beebei is one of the few fiddler-crab species in which both sexes search for mates. In a field experiment conducted in Panama, we manipulated crab density and perceived predation risk in replicate plots. Females searched more and males searched less at high densities. At high levels of perceived predation risk, both sexes similarly reduced their search rates. Observations of plots that naturally varied in crab density show that females were more likely to search for mates in areas of higher density, where there were more males. Females may preferentially search for mates in high-density areas because the abundance of nearby burrows, into which they can run to escape predators, decreases their costs of searching and because the abundance of males and male burrows facilitates comparisons and thus may increase their benefits from searching. Males at high densities decrease their mate-searching rate perhaps in response to the increase in female searching and to the corresponding increase in the intensity of their competitors' mate-attraction signals. 相似文献
97.
Increased energy expenditure due to increased territorial defense in male lizards after phenotypic manipulation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Catherine A. Marler Glenn Walsberg Myra L. White Michael Moore C. A. Marler 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1995,37(4):225-231
Fitness tradeoffs are difficult to examine because many fitness variables are correlated and vary in the same direction. Phenotypic manipulation circumvents many of these difficulties, and here we used this technique to examine mechanisms for tradeoffs between increased aggression (territorial defense) and survivorship. The behavioral phenotype of male mountain spiny lizards (Sceloporus jarrovi) was manipulated with testosterone to increase territorial defense, a sexually selected trait. We previously demonstrated that increased territorial defense results in a decrease in survival caused by a lower ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure. Here we measured energy consumption of increased territorial aggression using the doubly labeled water technique in the field and compared males with and without testosterone implants (Fig. 1). In a supplementary study we measured standard metabolic rate using captive lizards given similar testosterone implants to examine if an increase in energy expenditure was a result of only an increase in standard metabolic rate (Fig. 3). Our results indicated that a primary contribution to tradeoffs between increased territorial defense and survivorship could be made by a 31% increase in energy expenditure in the field that is not due to an increase in standard metabolic rate. 相似文献
98.
Marc?Le Lann Catherine?ElleouetEmail author Fran?ois?Quentel Christian?Louis?Madec 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(1):98-102
Cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry is one of the most sensitive analytical methods for ultratrace analysis. The detection
limit is usually lower than 10−9 mol/L. Most adsorptive stripping procedures have been focused on the one ligand/one analyte approach. In order to reduce
analysis time and sample volume, the possibility of simultaneously determining several metals by cathodic stripping voltammetry
using a mixture of ligands was explored, e.g., by Colombo and van den Berg (1997). Here, we describe a new procedure for quantifying
chromium and copper using 2,2′-bipyridine and 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine). The effect of various operational parameters such
as buffer type, ligand concentration, potential and time collection were assessed and optimized. Possible interferences by
trace metals and organic matter were also investigated. Applicability for fresh water is illustrated.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
99.
A test of the producer-scrounger foraging game in captive flocks of spice finches,Loncbura punctulata 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Luc-Alain Giraldeau Catherine Soos Guy Beauchamp 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1994,34(4):251-256
Group foraging allows the co-existence of a strategy (producer) that involves searching for food, and its alternative (scrounger) exploiting the food of the producer. The use of producer and scrounger strategies has been modelled as an alternative-option scramble which assumes strong negative frequency-dependence of the scrounger's pay-offs. We tested this assumption in a flock feeding situation by manipulating the proportion of scroungers in flocks of spice finches, Lonchura punctulata. In a first experiment we found that: (1) the food intake of scroungers, and to a lesser extent producers, was negatively affected by an increase in the proportion of scroungers; (2) the food intake of producers and scroungers was equal when the proportion of scroungers was small, suggesting that producers, who exploited 35.4% of their patches by scrounging were opportunistically adjusting their use of the strategies until the pay-offs equalized. In a second experiment we tested whether finches could vary their use of the two strategies in response to changes in foraging conditions brought about by an increase in the cost of producing. As predicted by the game, finches reduced their use of the producer strategy and increased their use of the scrounger strategy when the cost of producing increased. These results suggest that spice finches can alter their allocation to each foraging alternative by experience and that the producer-scrounger game is a realistic model for predicting group foraging decisions.
Correspondence to: L.-A. Giraldeau 相似文献
100.
Potential allelopathic effect of Pinus halepensis in the secondary succession: an experimental approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Catherine Fernandez Benjamin Lelong Bruno Vila Jean-Philippe Mévy Christine Robles Stéphane Greff Sylvie Dupouyet Anne Bousquet-Mélou 《Chemoecology》2006,16(2):97-105
Summary. Recent economic and social changes in north Mediterranean regions have led to an important rural depopulation. Consequently,
meadows developed on abandoned agricultural lands (characterized by high species richness) undergo reforestation. These former
fields are mainly colonized by Pinus halepensis Miller, which is known to synthetize a wide range of secondary metabolites, among these, some could influence plant succession
through allelopathy. The allelopathic potential of P. halepensis, was tested against two target species (Lactuca sativa L. and Linum strictum L.) with aqueous extracts obtained from different organs (root and needle) taking into account the individual age (±10, ±30
and > 60 years old). Root and needle extracts affected differently germination and growth of the two target species, the responses
varying with concentration of extracts, age and organs tested. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed on the germination
and growth of L. strictum, exposed to needle extracts of young P. halepensis (±10 years old), and root extracts of older P. halepensis (> 30 years old). These extracts contained several phenolic acids (e.g. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid), which are known as allelochemicals and their concentrations vary with age and
organ tested. Hence, P. halepensis could influence secondary succession through the release of potential allelochemicals in the environment by leaf leachates
or root exudates. 相似文献