塔中油田硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖机理分析＊

硫酸盐还原菌等的恶性繁殖使油田生产管线设施腐蚀破坏、结垢堵塞,注入地层后对油层造成伤害。研究发现,塔中油田联合站水体可检测SRB菌数高达2.5×104个/mL,注水管垢含FeS高达29.8%,属硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖代谢产物。塔中油田水系统各主要环节中硫酸盐还原菌和硫化氢含量与油田水处理工艺特点密切相关,其中塔中油田联合站完全密闭的水处理压力流程是造成该站硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖的主要原因。实验表明,前端适度曝氧、添加H2O2等氧化性杀菌剂和300mg/L冲击式加药等都是抑制硫酸盐还原菌的有效方法。     

稻田保护性耕作的生态效应研究进展与发展建议

首先阐述了保护性耕作的国内外发展现状,指出我国保护性耕作存在的主要问题：关键技术创新研究不够,具有中国南方特色的稻田保护性耕作制度、模式及其技术体系尚未形成;与南方独特的自然地理条件、复杂的稻田耕作制度相匹配的保护性耕作机具研究亟待加强;技术推广保障体系薄弱,适合农村实际的推广机制有待进—步探索。其次,从土壤理化性状、土壤生物学特性、节能减排效应和病虫害生态调控等4方面综述了稻田保护性耕作的生态效应最新研究进展。最后,针对我国南方稻区特别是西南丘陵山区稻田保护性耕作的发展提出了3点建议：加大政策扶持力度,建立政策优惠、财政补贴、生态补偿等多元化长效投入机制;重点开展技术攻关,深入研究中稻-再生稻优质、高产、高效保护性耕作关键技术;丘陵山区稻田周年高效农作制度创新与配套保护性耕作技术,以及以水旱轮作为中心的稻田保护性耕作技术节能减排效应的技术机理;进一步强化现有技术集成,扩大技术成果的示范,加快技术成果向生产力的转变。     

Methane emission via sediment and water interface in the Bohai Sea, China

Sediment is recognized as the largest reservoir and source of methane (CH₄) in the ocean, especially in the shallow coastal areas. To date, few data of CH₄ concentration in sediment have been reported in the China shelf seas. In this study, we measured CH₄ concentration in sediment and overlying seawater columns, and conducted an incubation experiment in the Bohai Sea in May 2017. CH₄ concentration was found to be ranged from 3.075 to 1.795 μmol/L in sediment, which was 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that in overlying seawater columns. The surface sediment was an important source of CH₄, while bottom seawater acted as its sink. Furthermore, the net emission rate via sediment water interface (SWI) was calculated as 2.45 μmol/(m²∙day) based on the incubation experiment at station 73, and the earthquake may enhance CH₄ release from sediment to seawater column in the eastern Bohai Sea.     

Selectivity of Nano Zerovalent Iron in In Situ Chemical Reduction: Challenges and Improvements

Nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) is a promising remediation technology utilizing in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) to clean up contaminated groundwater at hazardous waste sites. The small particle size and large surface area of nZVI result in high reactivity and rapid destruction of contaminants. Over the past 20 years, a great deal of research has advanced the nZVI technology from bench‐scale tests to field‐scale applications. However, to date, the overall number of well‐characterized nZVI field deployments is still small compared to other alternative remedies that are more widely applied. Apart from the relatively high material cost of nZVI and questions regarding possible nanotoxicological side effects, one of the major obstacles to the widespread utilization of nZVI in the field is its short persistence in the environment due to natural reductant demand (NRD). The NRD for nZVI is predominantly due to reduction of water, but other reactions with naturally present oxidants (e.g., oxygen) occur, resulting in situ conditions that are reducing (high in ferrous iron phases and H₂) but with little or no Fe(0). This article reviews the main biogeochemical processes that determine the selectivity and longevity of nZVI, summarizes data from prior (laboratory and field) studies on the longevity of various common types of nZVI, and describes modifications of nZVI that could improve its selectivity and longevity for full‐scale applications of ISCR. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

熵权法在铀矿井下空气环境安全评价中的应用研究

为科学合理地评价铀矿井下空气环境质量,通过对广东某铀矿及辽宁某铀矿井下空气环境的调查,分析了铀矿井下空气环境的特点及其危害,确定氡、氡子体、铀矿尘、CO、NO2及矿井气候6个指标为影响铀矿井下空气环境质量的主要因素,依此建立铀矿井下空气环境安全评价指标体系.采用模糊综合评价法建立了铀矿井下空气环境安全评价模型,并采用熵权法客观赋权的方式确定各评价指标权重,避免了评价过程中人为主观因素的影响,从而得到比较客观的评价结果.以南方某铀矿井为例,运用建立的评价模型对其井下采场、巷道掘进、天井掘进3个工作面空气环境质量进行安全评价.结果 表明,采场工作面空气环境质量为良好,巷道掘进工作面和天井掘进工作面空气环境质量为中等.其评价结论可为企业优化井下工作场所空气环境质量提供参考.     

坡度对跨座式单轨隧道临界风速的影响

为研究不同坡度隧道在大功率火源情况下的烟气运动,采用1∶20的缩尺隧道模型,通过试验对不同坡度情况下(-6%,-3%,0%,3%,6%)的大火源功率火灾(20,50 MW)时的隧道纵向通风临界风速进行研究。结果表明:0%坡度时,20 MW和50 MW的临界风速相差不大;有坡度时,逆坡送风的临界风速大于顺坡送风的临界风速。根据试验结果拟合得出大火源功率(20,50 MW)条件下坡度为-6%至6%时的临界风速与坡度的关系,并对前人提出的坡度与临界风速的关系式进行修正。     

Vertical distribution and effect of historical residual organochlorine pesticides on microbial community structure in sediment cores from an abandoned oxidation pond after dredging for 15 years

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The vertical distribution pattern of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), together with microbial ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME)...     

Insights into highly effective catalytic persulfate activation on oxygen-functionalized mesoporous carbon for ciprofloxacin degradation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanocarbons have been demonstrated as promising carbon catalysts for substituting metal-based catalysts for the green treatment of wastewater. In this...     

港口地区大气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征及来源分析

为探究港口地区污染大气中多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染特征和潜在来源,以青岛港为研究对象,于2018年8月至2019年5月期间采集了4个季节的PM_2.5样品（n=59）,分析了PM_2.5中PAHs的季节变化和组成特征,使用相关性分析探索了气象因素对PAHs浓度的影响,并采用正定矩阵因子分解和潜在来源贡献函数模型对潜在来源进行解析.结果表明,ρ（PAHs）平均值为（8.11±12.31） ng·m^-3,秋冬季节高于春夏季节.PAHs的季节性分子组成相似,以4~5环PAHs （75.43%）为主.荧蒽、苯并［e］芘、苯并［a］蒽、菲、芘和䓛是研究区域PAHs的优势物种,这与船舶尾气中主要化合物组成相似.相关性分析表明,PAHs浓度与温度和相对湿度呈极显著负相关,与大气压和风向呈极显著正相关,与风速的相关性较差.PMF分析提取出6个贡献因子,结果表明,青岛港地区受航运排放（28.83%）影响最大,其次是机动车排放（20.49%）以及原油挥发（13.47%）等,夏季受航运排放影响最大.PSCF结果表明,京津冀、环渤海和鲁北地区是远距离传输的主要来源区域.     

Enhanced activation of peroxydisulfate by strontium modified BiFeO3perovskite for ciprofloxacin degradation

A series of Sr-doped BiFeO₃ perovskites (Bi_1-xSr_xFeO₃, BSFO) fabricated via sol-gel method was applied as peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. Various technologies were used to characterize the morphology and physicochemical features of prepared BSFO samples and the results indicated that Sr was successfully inserted into the perovskites lattice. The catalytic performance of BiFeO₃ was significantly boosted by strontium doping. Specifically, Bi_0.9Sr_0.1FeO₃ (0.1BSFO) exhibited the highest catalytic performance for PDS activation to remove CIP, where 95% of CIP (10 mg/L) could be degraded with the addition of 1 g/L 0.1BSFO and 1 mmol/L PDS within 60 min. Moreover, 0.1BSFO displayed high reusability and stability with lower metal leaching. Weak acidic condition was preferred to neutral and alkaline conditions in 0.1BSFO/PDS system. The boosted catalytic performance can be interpreted as the lower oxidation state of Fe and the existence of affluent oxygen vacancies generated by Sr doping, that induced the formation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) which was confirmed as the dominant reactive species by radical scavenging studies and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests. The catalytic oxidation mechanism related to major ¹O₂ and minor free radicals was proposed. Current study opens a new avenue to develop effective A-site modified perovskite and expands their application for PDS activation in wastewater remediation.