Preliminary results of laboratory toxicity tests with the mayfly, Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) for development as a standard test organism for evaluating streams in the Appalachian coalfields of Virginia and West Virginia

Selecting the most appropriate test species for sediment and water column assays has been a primary goal for ecotoxicologists. Standard test organisms and established test guidelines exist, but the USEPA-recommended species may not be the most sensitive organisms to anthropogenic inputs. This paper describes preliminary results of toxicity tests with the mayfly, Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera). Results suggested that Isonychia were moderately sensitive to NaCl after 96 h with an average LC₅₀ value of 3.10 g NaCl per liter. This value decreased after 7 days of exposure, resulting in a mean LC₅₀ value of 1.73 g NaCl per liter. When exposed to a coal-mine-processed effluent, Isonychia generated LC₅₀ values that ranged from 13% to 39% effluent. I. bicolor were more sensitive to the coal processing effluent than Ceriodaphnia dubia with conductivity lowest observable effects concentration (LOEC) values for mayfly survivorship that ranged from 1,508 to 4,101 μS/cm, while LOEC values for C. dubia reproduction ranged from 2,132 to 4,240 μS/cm.     

浩坤水电站水库岩溶渗漏研究

浩坤水电站位于碳酸盐岩地区,岩溶发育,水文地质条件复杂。水库右岸发育的呈串珠状平行于河谷展布的低邻谷岩溶洼地和库首左侧发育的连通水库内外的赶洞古暗河是水库潜在的主要渗漏通道。通过库区水文地质调查、岩溶洼地群水位同步观测、示踪试验等勘察试验研究工作,查明了浩坤水电站库区岩溶渗漏的主要部位、性质,提出了水库防渗处理意见,并评价了成库条件。     

210Po and 210Pb in zooplankton fecal pellets

²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in fecal pellets from the zooplanktonic euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica are reported. The ²¹⁰Po:²¹⁰Pb activity ratio is 2.2±0.3, a value in good agreement with that found in suspended particulate matter in surface seawater. Estimates of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb removal times from the mixed layer by fecal pellets alone yield values which are of the same order of magnitude as the removal times for these nuclides by all routes. It is suggested that there is a high probability that zooplanktonic fecal pellets play a significant role in the removal of both these nuclides from the surface layers of the ocean.     

采用生物发光检测法进行Ames试验的研究

将自行构建的含有青海弧菌荧光酶基因的质粒pACYCL184引入Ames试验的4个菌株TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102中,构建成能够生物发光的工程菌,分别命名为TAL97、TAL98、TAL100、TAL102.实验表明,该4株工程菌保持原出发菌株所具有的与Ames试验相关的性状,对各类致突变剂有良好的反应,且可用平皿计数法进行致突变试验.其发光值与致突变剂浓度存在良好的量效关系,故可用发光检测取代原Ames试验的平皿计数,使检测更简单、方便、快速.图3表3参11     

基于RS和GCA-TOPSIS的S700K转辙机故障诊断方法

针对目前S700K转辙机故障诊断效率低、准确性不高等问题,提出了一种基于粗糙集、灰色关联分析与理想排序法相结合的转辙机故障诊断方法.首先以微机监测系统(Maintenance and Monitor System,MMS)存储的常见转辙机故障功率曲线数据作为数据源,提取功率曲线在各工作区段的特征参数,构建故障特征集.然后针对冗余特征,采用粗糙集理论中的约简算法以属性重要度为选择标准,对特征集进行约简,降低特征集的维度.最后将灰色关联分析和逼近理想排序法相结合,计算待检样本与各故障类型间的曲线贴合度,判断待检样本与各故障类型间的紧密程度,将最大曲线贴合度对应的故障类型作为待检样本的诊断结果.实例分析表明,该方法能够准确地诊断出转辙机故障且诊断效率和准确性较高,能够满足铁路现场实际需要.     

数据挖掘技术在军用车辆装备失效分析中的应用研究

针对军用车辆装备失效案例数据信息的特点,提出应用数据挖掘方法进行失效分析的必要性.介绍了挖掘关联规则的基本原理,以及失效分析数据挖掘系统的构建,并讨论了开发该系统存在的一些问题.     

Potential Impacts of Global Warming on the Diversity and Distribution of Stream Insects in South Korea

Globally, the East Asian monsoon region is one of the richest environments in terms of biodiversity. The region is undergoing rapid human development, yet its river ecosystems have not been well studied. Global warming represents a major challenge to the survival of species in this region and makes it necessary to assess and reduce the potential consequences of warming on species of conservation concern. We projected the effects of global warming on stream insect (Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [EOPT]) diversity and predicted the changes of geographical ranges for 121 species throughout South Korea. Plecoptera was the most sensitive (decrease of 71.4% in number of species from the 2000s through the 2080s) order, whereas Odonata benefited (increase of 66.7% in number of species from the 2000s through the 2080s) from the effects of global warming. The impact of global warming on stream insects was predicted to be minimal prior to the 2060s; however, by the 2080s, species extirpation of up to 20% in the highland areas and 2% in the lowland areas were predicted. The projected responses of stream insects under global warming indicated that species occupying specific habitats could undergo major reductions in habitat. Nevertheless, habitat of 33% of EOPT (including two‐thirds of Odonata and one‐third of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) was predicted to increase due to global warming. The community compositions predicted by generalized additive models varied over this century, and a large difference in community structure in the highland areas was predicted between the 2000s and the 2080s. However, stream insect communities, especially Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, were predicted to become more homogenous under global warming. Impacto Potencial del Calentamiento Global sobre la Diversidad y la Distribución de Insectos de Arroyo en Corea del Sur     

无锡市工业SO2污染变化的空间特征及影响因素的分解分析

运用分解分析方法对工业污染变化进行地区分解、影响因素分解和综合分解,建立包含地区和影响因素的工业污染分解模型,并且应用该模型对2001-2005年无锡市工业SO2排放量的变化进行实证分析.分析结果表明,无锡市工业So2排放量的变化主要是江阴的经济规模、能耗技术和排污技术,市区的经济规模和能耗技术,以及宜兴的经济规模共同作用的结果.从地区来看,无锡市工业SO2排放量的变化主要源于江阴,而宜兴的影响逐渐增强.市区的影响趋于减弱.从影响因素来看,三个地区的经济规模效应都为正,而且显著大于其他三种效应;经济结构是影响力最弱的因素:技术变迁有显著影响,但在三个地区闻存在差异性.为了同时实现经济发展和工业SO2减排,无锡需要采取节能减排措施以降低{特别是江阴的)工业SO2排放强度.     

中药材废渣的资源化利用的研究

本文以中药材提取过程中产生的中药材废渣为利用对象,进行资源化、减量化和无害化处理,实现中药材废渣的资源化利用.重点介绍中药材废渣气化供热的技术路线与实施方案,以期减少中药制剂厂综合水耗、能耗和污染,降低生产成本,提高综合效益,建立中药制剂厂的微型工业生态产业链,从而实现我国中医药产业的可持续发展,为中药材废渣的大规模高效、无害化利用做出贡献.     

基于VEGA和DCGA的化工园区布局优化研究

化工园区布局优化是一个复杂的多目标优化问题,建立了以事故风险和经济收益为两个优化指标的化工园区布局优化模型,以潜在死亡人数(PLL)表征事故风险,以销售收入表征经济收益;从算法的正确性、有效性及其搜索性能上提出了三条化工园区布局优化算法性能的评价准则;基于向量评价遗传算法(VEGA)和基于确定性拥挤机制的小生境遗传算法(DCGA)分别对化工园区布局优化进行研究,并对比分析了优化计算结果,得出:建立的化工园区双目标布局优化模型和提出的优化方法是可行的,计算所得的Pareto最优解对化工园区布局具有较好的参考价值;VEGA算法仅能满足部分准则要求,而DCGA算法能同时满足三条评价准则要求,可知DCGA算法适用于化工园区布局优化。