UV/Fenton法处理酸性红B研究

采用UV/Fenton高级氧化技术对酸性红B模拟废水进行处理,当进水浓度为400mg/L时,确定了各影响因素的最佳投加量:H2O2投加量为2 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.08g/L,最佳pH值为4;并采用一级动力学公式对酸性红B降解速率进行拟合,研究了反应条件对速率常数的影响.最后通过对单独UV法、单独Fenton法和UV/Fenton法3种处理方法效果的比较,发现UV与Fenton试剂具有协同作用.     

固定源氮氧化物排放及控制技术应用

固定源是氮氧化物排放的一个主要来源。通过对主要固定源氮氧化物生成机理及现有的排放控制技术进行论述，分析我国固定源氮氧化物排放的实际情况，提出我国固定源氮氧化物排放控制还处于起步阶段，氮氧化物排放标准相对宽松，氮氧化物排放控制技术有待进一步普及，并提出固定源氮氧化物排放治理的一些建议。     

太阳能固定膜光催化去除双酚A的特性与效果

以太阳能固定膜光催化中试装置,研究了光解、初始浓度和平均光强等对双酚A(BPA)光催化去除的影响及BPA的矿化和在自来水中的处理效果.试验结果表明,BPA在日光照射下很难光解,其光催化降解呈表观一级反应,在平均光强介于5.7～23.5 W/m2时,表观反应速率常数和平均光强呈线性关系.太阳能光催化对BPA具有良好的矿化作用,但其降解与以UV254为光源的降解有不同的机理.太阳能光催化对自来水中BPA也具有较好的处理效果.     

三峡库区生活垃圾总磷的分布特征和溶出规律研究

了解垃圾堆放场堆存生活垃圾的污染物含量及浸泡条件下污染物的溶出规律，有助于正确评价垃圾堆放场所带来的环境影响，从而为政府部门的决策提供依据。文章以三峡库区为例，通过测定三峡库区主要垃圾堆放场堆存生活垃圾总磷的含量，分析它们的分布特征，并且进行生活垃圾浸泡条件下总磷的溶出实验，分析它们的溶出规律，为三峡库区的环境保护提供帮助。结果表明，(1)三峡库区生活垃圾总磷的含量位于50-3290mg／kg之间，总磷分布集中于100-1600mg／kg之间，且区域差异较大；(2)生活垃圾淹没条件下总磷的释放规律为开始较慢，逐渐增大，达到最大值以后减少，最后趋于稳定；(3)生活垃圾淹没条件下总磷的单位溶出量与时间的关系满足逻辑斯特模型w=α／[1 βexp(-kt)]，且垃圾单位可溶出量α随质量增加而减少，利用本模型可以预测垃圾进入水体后总磷溶出的初期行为。     

野外极端低温环境人体皮肤温度变化研究

为明确不同极端低温环境与防护装备下,日间清醒和夜间睡眠状态下各部位皮肤温度变化特征,在-16 ℃～-30 ℃极端低温环境下,采用皮温测量系统对实验对象5个代表性部位（胸部、手臂、大腿、小腿和脚趾）皮肤温度进行测试。结果表明:日间测试胸部温度相对最高,大腿和小腿在实验中后期出现温度反转。夜间除脚趾外,各部位皮肤温度变化差异较小,大腿温度相对最高,小腿温度与其他部位分离。研究结果可为低温环境下防护服研发与保暖效果评价提供参考。     

土地革命时期湖北苏区防疫减灾事业述论

土地革命时期,中共在湖北建立了广大的苏区,为了保护军民健康、保障部队战斗力、改善民众生活状况,各苏区努力开展防疫减灾事业,建设红军医院、救治军民、普及防疫减灾知识,此举有效治疗了军民的伤病,提高了民众的防疫减灾意识、保障了苏区的巩固发展。     

浅析环境影响评价公众参与有效性提高的途径

公众参与不但是环评作的一个重要内容,而且对实施可持续发展战略起到重要作用。本文结合《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》的内容和要求,根据从事环境影响评价的工作经验,针对当前环境影响评价公众参与过程中存在的调查内容欠合理、公众环境意识淡薄、公众参与的效力和制度未确立等问题,从完善调查内容、加强公众参与意识、建立信息公开制度、正确识别利益相关方、推进环境非政府组织（环境NGO）和加强数据统计等方面分析了提高环境影响评价公众参与有效性的途径。     

Organophosphate pesticide exposure and child health in China

Currently, organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are widely used for agriculture in China and around the world. A few epidemiological studies have examined the association between exposure to OPs and children’s health, but these studies reported inconsistent results. In view of the limitations of testing techniques and the intrinsic incompleteness of scientific evidence from current studies, we have considered some issues which may be interpreted and handled with caution.     

Pollutant emission reduction effect through effluent tax,concentration-based effluent standard,or both

There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards. However, forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantity-based limits/standards (e.g. pounds per day or pounds per unit of output). Concentration-based emission standard (e.g. milligrams per liter of wastewater) as one important form of environmental standard has not been given much attention. In this article, comparable estimates of their probable effect on enterprise pollution reduction will be developed for concentration-based effluent standards, effluent taxes, and a combination of both. A linear simulation model is used to clearly and obviously compare the effects of effluent taxes and concentration-based standards within the same figure. With one detailed application to the paper industry, some enlightenment and conclusions – as well as the general applicability of these principles – are then provided: Under the same effluent tax rate, enterprises, groups, and industries that are cleaner will reduce more pollutants than those that have higher pollutant abatement costs. It is recommended that effluent taxes are set by avoiding cutting it even at one stroke and considering the feasibility of pollution-reducing technology in various industries. It is necessary to reduce MAC of enterprises to better stimulate enterprises’ or industries’ emission reduction by preferential measures, such as high tax rate coordinated by speeding up the depreciation of environmental protection equipment.     

Sustainable design for automotive products: Dismantling and recycling of end-of-life vehicles

The growth in automotive production has increased the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) annually. The traditional approach ELV processing involves dismantling, shredding, and landfill disposal. The “3R” (i.e., reduce, reuse, and recycle) principle has been increasingly employed in processing ELVs, particularly ELV parts, to promote sustainable development. The first step in processing ELVs is dismantling. However, certain parts of the vehicle are difficult to disassemble and use in practice. The extended producer responsibility policy requires carmakers to contribute in the processing of scrap cars either for their own developmental needs or for social responsibility. The design for dismantling approach can be an effective solution to the existing difficulties in dismantling ELVs. This approach can also provide guidelines in the design of automotive products. This paper illustrates the difficulty of handling polymers in dashboards. The physical properties of polymers prevent easy separation and recycling by using mechanical methods. Thus, dealers have to rely on chemical methods such as pyrolysis. Therefore, car designers should use a single material to benefit dealers. The use of materials for effective end-of-life processing without sacrificing the original performance requirements of the vehicle should be explored.