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961.
Conventional wastewater treatment simulation programs use a "lumped" approach, where process rates are calculated using bulk concentrations of biomass and microbial storage products. A recently developed distributed, or agent-based, approach, where individual bacteria are modeled to account for their potentially variable hydraulic experiences, was applied to the 5-stage Bardenpho process, a type of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) that includes internal recycle flows, which were hypothesized to affect distributed state development. Consistent with previous results, the EBPR predicted performance was worse according to the distributed approach than the lumped approach. In addition, increasing the internal recycle rate increased the anoxic reactor nitrate concentrations, tending to decrease EBPR performance. However, in the distributed approach, differences in the state distributions in internal recycle-linked reactors decreased with increasing recycle flow, tending to improve EBPR. These phenomena tend to have simultaneous and opposite effects on EBPR. The net effect will depend largely on the specific systems and the nitrate concentration in anoxic reactors. 相似文献
962.
Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plant, shellfish and sediment samples from Laizhou Bay in China 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are potentially harmful and persistent environmental pollutants. PBDEs concentrations are reported in plant, shellfish and sediment samples collected from Chinese Laizhou Bay. The summation operator(11)PBDE concentrations in plant and shellfish samples from Laizhou Bay were in the range of 70-5900ngg(-1) and 230-720ngg(-1) lipid, respectively. The summation operator(11)PBDEs concentrations in river sediment intervals samples ranged from 1.3 to 1800ng g(-1) dry weight. Pearson correlation analyses were performed on concentrations of PBDEs congeners of different sediment sample intervals. There were significant positive correlations for BDE 28 and BDE 100 (r=0.945, p<0.01), BDE 47 and BDE 99 (r=0.879, p<0.01), BDE 153 and BDE 154 (r=0.934, p<0.01), nona-BDEs and BDE 209 (r>0.934, p<0.01). BDE 209 was the predominant congener in all analyzed samples, consistent with the fact that deca-BDE technical mixtures are the dominant PBDEs product in Laizhou Bay. Data showed that PBDEs should be considered as an increasing pollution problem in the Laizhou Bay region. 相似文献
963.
Evaluating Controlling Factors to Ali/(Ca + Mg) Molar Ratio in Acidic Soil Water, Southern and Southwestern China: Multivariate Approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Guo JH Zhang XS Vogt RD Xiao JS Zhao DW Xiang RJ Luo JH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):321-329
Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water has been used as an indicator to the effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems.
However, the main factors controlling this ratio have not been well documented in southern and southwestern China. In this
study, we presented the variation in inorganic aluminum (Ali) and Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in different sites and soil horizons based on two to three years monitoring data, and evaluated the
main factors controlling Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio using principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression. Monitoring data
showed although Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratios in most soil water were lower than assumed critical 1.0, higher molar ratios were found in some soil
water at TSP and LXH site. Besides acid loading, both soil properties and soil water chemistry affected the value of Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water. Partial least square (PLS) indicated that they had different relative importance in
different soil horizons. In A-horizon, soil aluminum saturation (AlS) had higher influence on Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio than soil water chemistry did; higher soil aluminum saturation (AlS) led to higher Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water. In the deeper horizons (i.e., B1-, B2- and BC-horizon), inorganic aluminum (Ali) in soil water had more and more important role in regulating Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. On regional scale, soil aluminum saturation (AlS) as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the
dominant factor controlling Ali/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. This should be paid enough attention on when making regional acid rain control policy in China. 相似文献
964.
965.
Junyi Du Daishe Wu Huayun Xiao Ping Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(2):212-226
This research investigates the adsorption mechanisms of fluoride (F) on four clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, chlorite,
and illite) under different F− concentrations and reaction times by probing their fluoride superficial layer binding energies and element compositions using
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At high F− concentrations (C
0 = 5–1000 mg·L−1), the amount of F− adsorbed (Q
F), amount of hydroxide released by clay minerals, solution F− concentration, and the pH increase with increasing C
0. The increases are remarkable at C
0>50 mg·L−1. The QF increases significantly by continuously modifying the pH level. At C
0<5–100 mg·L−1, clay minerals adsorb H+ to protonate aluminum-bound surface-active hydroxyl sites in the superficial layers and induce F− binding. As the C
0 increases, F−, along with other cations, is adsorbed to form a quasi-cryolite structure. At C
0>100 mg·L−1, new minerals precipitate and the product depends on the critical Al3+ concentration. At [Al3+]>10−11.94 mol·L−1, cryolite forms, while at [Al3+]<10−11.94 mol·L−1, AlF3 is formed. At low C
0 (0.3–1.5 mg·L−1), proton transfer occurs, and the F− adsorption capabilities of the clay minerals increase with time. 相似文献
966.
967.
Zhang Zhenyu Huang Jinliang Xiao Cairong Huang Jr-Chuan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38849-38860
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Well-defined targets for nitrogen (N) release into the local environment are essential for water management in creeks, but difficulties often arise... 相似文献
968.
赤泥作为氧化铝冶炼过程中排出的一般工业固废,具有数量大、碱性强、粒径小、孔隙结构丰富等特征。采用XRF、XRD、SEM/EDX等分析手段,研究了赤泥的化学组成、矿物结构、粒度、比表面积、表面形貌、酸中和能力等特性。通过批实验观测了赤泥对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效果,并对Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度、pH等影响因子对去除效果的影响展开了分析。结果表明,赤泥的主要化学成分为CaO、SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Fe_2O_3,平均比表面积为43.8 m~2·g~(-1);赤泥有很强的酸中和能力,对硝酸的中和能力约为1.875 mol·kg~(-1)。初始pH=4,且过程中不控制pH时,反应在10 min之内达到平衡,去除率为98%~100%,赤泥对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除能力可达到25.9 mg·g~(-1)。当pH=4时,赤泥对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除反应在90~120 min时达到平衡,去除率为10%~45%,当初始浓度为1~100 mg·L~(-1)时,Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度越高,Pb(Ⅱ)去除能力越强,去除率越低。当pH为7和10时,Pb(Ⅱ)去除率分别为92%和98%,残留Pb(Ⅱ)浓度小于污水综合排放标准中第一类污染物最高允许排放浓度1.0 mg·L~(-1)。通过分析可知,赤泥对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附机理主要为化学吸附。 相似文献
969.
南宁市可持续发展评价指标体系及可持续发展度研究 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
本文在对南宁市社会、经济和环境三个子系统研究的基础上,采用层次分析、专家咨询等方法,建立了城市可持续发展指标体系,运用指标体系和分析方法,对南宁市可持续发展水平进行了综合评价分析。 相似文献
970.
采用Ca(OH)2、高岭土与FeCl3组配处理含Pb^2+废水。考察了Ca(OH)2加入量、高岭土加入量、FeCl3加入量、废水pH、搅拌转速、沉淀时间等因素对Pb^2+去除率的影响。在Ca(OH)2加入量50mg/L、高岭土加入量90mg/L、FeCl3加入量13.2mg/L、废水pH7.0~8.0、搅拌转速170r/min、沉淀时间90min的条件下,该法可将废水中金属离子(包括Pb^2+及少量的Zn^2+,Cu^2+,Cr^3+,Ni^2+)的质量浓度由42.4mg/L降至1.0mg/L以下,达到了GB18918--2002〈《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》。 相似文献