基于神经网络模型绿色合成纳米氧化锰及其性能研究

近年来,基于对纳米材料生物毒性和合成成本的考虑,纳米材料的绿色合成和应用在环境领域受到了广泛关注,但迄今仍面临纳米材料的绿色合成机制尚未明确及去除效率不理想两个问题.本研究选择As（III）和As（V）作为目标污染物,通过神经网络模型对纳米氧化锰（MONPs）的合成条件进行优化,发现当污染物浓度和材料投加量分别为0.1 mg?L^-1和5 mg?L^-1时,优化后的MONPs对As（III）和As（V）的去除 效率分别从43.9%、80.0%提高到90.2%、92.2%.从SEM的结果中发现优化后的材料粒径更小,根据EDS和FTIR结果,可以证明优化后材料中的Mn元素比例显著增加.另外,XRD和XPS结果则证明优化后材料从原来的Mn（II）变为Mn（IV）,提高了材料的氧化能力.Zeta电位结果表明优化后材料表面的负电荷减少,进而循环伏安法结果证实了材料电子转移能力的提高,均有利于As的去除.最后,优化后MONPs在经过5次重复利用后仍具高的性能,同时对多种重金属具有一定的吸附能力.显然,基于神经网络模型绿色合成氧化锰纳米材料对砷污染修复具有 较强的针对性和实用性.     

Study of the Optimization and Adjustment ofthe IndustrialStructure Subjected to Water Resource in the Drainage Area of the Yellow River

Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.     

一种离子液体——溴化1-辛基—3-甲基咪唑对大型溞摄食强度的影响

用计数法研究了一种离子液体--溴化I-辛基-3-甲基咪唑对大型溞滤水率和摄食率的影响及恢复条件下子代大型溞摄食强度的变化,以初步探讨离子液体对水生生态系统可能的影响.实验结果表明:离子液体显著降低了母代大型溞的滤水率和摄食率,最低浓度(7μg·L-1)处理组二者分别比对照下降了26.5%和20.6%,最高浓度处理组(112μg·L-1)二者下降了84%和80%;子代的滤水率和摄食率也受到抑制,且抑制程度大于母代,在离子液体浓度为112μg·L-1时子代第3胎幼潘滤水率和摄食率的下降比率高达95.5%和94.3%.将母体暴露于不同浓度离子液体的大型溞的子代第1胎和第3胎幼溞转入恢复实验,较低浓度处理组其摄食行为得到一定的恢复,但高浓度处理组仍受到较强的抑制,约比对照下降了80%.因此,离子液体严重影响了大型溞的摄食强度,对水生生态系统安全具有潜在的威胁.     

温度、盐度对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)吸收60Co、137Cs及种群生长的影响

温度、盐度是影响海洋生物吸收放射性核素的重要因子.研究温度盐度的不同组合对海洋藻类吸收放射性核素的影响,对探讨核素在海洋食物链中的累积、转移以及评价核废物对海洋环境的污染都是很有意义的.我们以小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为对象,在核污染监测中的主要核素~(60)Co、~(137)Cs同时示踪条件下,研究了三种温度、三种盐度以及它们之间的交互作用对小球藻吸收这两种     

磁混凝工艺处理市政废水中的污染物去除特征研究

本研究对2个磁混凝站点进行了水质分析与溶解性有机物（DOM）的系统表征，考察了市政废水在磁混凝过程中的污染物去除效果与DOM去除特征，分析了强化磁混凝过程关键作用.研究发现：磁混凝可显著去除浊度、悬浮态有机物和磷，2个站点TCOD和TP去除率分别为52.53%/76.78%和64.41%/81.59%.市政废水DOM组成复杂，内源性DOM占比较高，两个站点DOM种类相似，但B站点进水有机物含量略少，且芳香类DOM占比较低.磁混凝对DOM具有显著的去除效果，主要去除高腐殖化程度、芳香性、聚合度、疏水性的大分子有机物，络氨酸类蛋白是主要的去除物质.B站点强化药剂的投加显著提升DOM和氨氮的去除效果，TOC和氨氮的去除率可达40.01%和36.08%，同时磷和TCOD的混凝效果也得到一定强化.本研究揭示了磁混凝过程污染物去除特征，促进了磁混凝过程的理解，为磁混凝在水处理中的推广应用提供了有效支撑.     

模拟油田采出水中H2S的脱除

采出水经处理后通常需作为地层回注水使用,由于油气生产的特殊性,常用的H2S脱除方法在使用中受到限制,探索适合于油气田生产的水处理方法十分必要。文章探讨了通常可用于油田采出水中H2S脱除的各种方法,对比了各类方法的优缺点,提出以NaClO为主要脱硫剂的水处理方法,通过对模拟采出水的室内实验,证明次氯酸法可以快速有效地去除采出水中的H2S,使H2S残留量低于1 mg/L。实验表明:经处理后的水质可以达到SY/T 5329-2012《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》要求,处理成本较低。     

Molecular toxicity of earthworms induced by cadmium contaminated soil and biomarkers screening

Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were used to study the impact of low-dose cadmium in treated artificial soil (0, 0.6, 3, 6, 15, 30 mg/kg) and contaminated natural soil (1.46 mg/kg). The changes of earthworms' physiological related gene expressions of metallothionein (MT), annetocin, calreticulin and antimicrobial peptides were detected using real-time PCR after a 70-day incubation period. The results showed that low doses of cadmium could up regulate earthworms' MT and down regulate annetocin gene expression and show a significant positive and negative correlation respectively. The expression of two other genes, calreticulin and anti-microbial peptides, was induced at low doses of cadmium (highest gene expression at 0.6 mg/kg for calreticulin and 6 mg/kg for anti-microbial peptides) and inhibited at high doses. No significant correlation was found for these two genes. This study shows that MT and annetocin genes expression found in earthworms in contaminated soil have the potential to be developed as biomarkers of soil cadmium pollution.     

基于物联网的智能环境污染检测与控制系统研究

为了实行对环境污染的远程智能检测,提出基于物联网技术的智能环境污染检测与控制系统设计方法,采用无线传感组网技术进行智能环境污染检测系统物联网设计,实现对环境污染信息采样,采集的环境污染数据主要有水污染数据、土壤污染数据和大气污染数据等。将数据输入的集成控制单元中,通过上位机进行远程传输控制,采用TMS320VC5409A智能处理DSP芯片作为集成控制芯片进行控制系统硬件设计,环境污染检测与控制系统硬件模块分为物联网传感模块、AD模块、上位机通信模块和数据输出接口模块等。在嵌入式Linux内核中实现环境污染检测程序加载,实现污染检测和优化控制。测试结果表明,采用该方法进行环境污染检测与控制的智能性较好,准确度较高,实时性较好,总体性能较优。     

石英Al心和Ti-Li心电子自旋共振信号测年结果对比：以腾格里沙漠白碱湖地区BJ14钻孔中沉积物为例

早—中更新世沉积年代的确定是第四纪研究领域亟待解决的难题,电子自旋共振（ESR）测年法为该时段沉积物定年提供了可能。但已有的研究发现：石英Ti心和Al心ESR信号完全衰退“回零”或达到较稳定“残留”所需时间较长,因而其可信性备受质疑。本研究选取腾格里沙漠白碱湖地区BJ14钻孔中5个不同深度的沉积物,分别基于其中石英Ti心和Al心信号进行了ESR定年。测年结果显示：（1）2个样品基于Al心ESR信号与基于Ti-Li心ESR信号的测年结果在年龄误差范围内一致,其它3个样品Al心ESR测年结果较Ti-Li心测年结果偏老200—500 ka;（2）与该孔的古地磁测年结果对比表明,石英Ti-Li心ESR测年结果相对可靠。上述研究结果表明石英Ti-Li心的ESR测年结果至少能提供中更新世更为可信的沉积年龄。     

Study of the Optimization and Adjustment of the Industrial Structure Subjected to Water Resource in the Drainage Area of the Yellow River

Abstract

Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.