Organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments and suspended particulate matters from the Yangtze estuary, China

Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in surface sediments (SS) ranged from 0.5 to 17.5 ng g⁻¹ and from 0.9 to 33.1 ng g⁻¹, averaged 6.0 and 8.2 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in suspended particulate matters (SPM) varied from 6.2 to 14.8 ng g⁻¹ with a mean value of 12.3 ng g⁻¹ and were from 3.4 to 25.7 ng g⁻¹ with an average of 16.4 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Lindane is the main HCHs' source and continuing use in the Yangtze Delta areas of ‘pure’ γ-HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH (a mix of largely α- and some γ-HCH). DDTs in SS are mainly accumulated in history. However, high DDT fractions in SPM are indicators of new input of typical dicofol type DDT from 2002 to 2004. It can be seen that most samples from the Yangtze estuary were in ranges where adverse biological effects are expected, either occasionally or frequently.     

四川甘孜达曲各目弄巴沟泥石流及其防治对策

各目弄巴沟为雅砻江支流达曲的一级支沟,该沟地处川西高山高原区,处于南水北调西线一期达曲工程区内,曾发生过严重的泥石流灾害,直接威胁公路、村庄、学校、小水电站、桥梁等的安全.该沟泥石流具有规模大,危害严重、冲淤强烈、容重大,固体物质粒径粗等特征.在分析了该沟泥石流的特征基础上,预测了泥石流灾害的发展趋势,并提出了泥石流减灾防灾对策.     

Henry's law constants and mass transfer coefficients for methyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene applied to Florida sandy field soil

Methyl bromide, a pre-emergent soil fumigant, is scheduled to be phased out in the US by 2005, with exceptions for critical use. Comparison of some of the physical constants related to distribution and retention for methyl bromide (MBr) to other fumigants yields a useful quantification of possible alternatives. In this study, the atmospheric and subsurface dissipation of methyl bromide as well as (Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) isomers in Telone II were examined. The Henry's law constants of the three chemicals at soil temperature and their mass transfer coefficients for movement through an agricultural mulch of UV-resistant, high-density polyethylene (PE) were evaluated using field data. At the soil temperature of 16.4 degrees C, calculated Henry's law constant gave a fumigant ranking of MBr (0.21)>(Z)-1,3-D (0.041)>(E)-1,3-D (0.027). Since rapid subsurface distribution of a fumigant is highly dependent on the amount in the gas phase, the greater value for Henry's law constant implies faster distribution throughout the soil. After distribution through the soil, retention of the fumigant becomes imperative. Calculation of the fumigant's mass transfer coefficients through PE from field data gave a ranking of the three chemicals: MBr (1.08 cm/h)<(E)-1,3-D (3.25 cm/h)<(Z)-1,3-D (4.13 cm/h). With mass transfer coefficients of this magnitude, it was concluded that PE film was an inadequate barrier for retaining these fumigants in an agricultural setting.     

Exploring the impact of new particle formation events on PM2.5 pollution during winter in the Yangtze River Delta, China

New particle formation（NPF） events are an increasingly interesting topic in air quality and climate science. In this study, the particle number size distributions, and the frequency of NPF events over Hefei were investigated from November 2018 to February 2019. The proportions of the nucleation mode, Aitken mode, and accumulation mode were 24.59%,53.10%, and 22.30%, respectively, which indicates the presence of abundant ultrafine particles in Hefei. Forty-six NPF events occurred during the obser...     

Photoinductive activity of humic acid fractions with the presence of Fe(III): the role of aromaticity and oxygen groups involved in fractions

Relationship between the photoinductive activity and the properties of humic acids (HA) fractions were investigated with and without Fe(III). Three fractions were separated based on the molecular weight (M(w)) and were obtained following the order of M(w): F(A)>F(B)>F(C). Compared to F(A) and F(B), photodegradation of atrazine under simulated sunlight was much faster in solution containing F(C), whose structure was dominated by greater aromaticity, more oxygen groups and fluorophores. The interaction of HA fractions and Fe(III) was studied using fluorescence spectrometry and F(C) had the largest quenching constant. The capacity of electron transfer, estimated from the amount of photoformed Fe(II), was also highest for F(C). Thus, the Fe(III)-F(C) complex was efficient in phototransformation of atrazine in nearly neutral aqueous solutions. These results suggest that the aromaticity and oxygen groups content of HA exert great influence on the binding ability of metals and on the fate of pollutants in natural waters.     

贵州高原水库百花湖富营养化特征分析

为了解贵州高原水库百花湖的富营养化特征,于2011年5月(平水期)、8月(丰水期)、11月(枯水期)对水体富营养化特征的主要指标及环境因子进行采样调查与分析。结果表明:2011年百花湖水库呈富营养型(TSI M>50)3个时期富营养化状态指数表现为丰水期>枯水期>平水期。百花湖水库的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和Chl-a表底层浓度的平均值分别为1.48~1.61 mg/L、0.04~0.07 mg/L、20.27~10.41 mg/m3;透明度(SD)为0.60~1.80 m。水体中Chl-a浓度与TN、TP浓度呈负相关和极不明显的关系,与NO-+-2-N、NH4-N浓度呈极显著负相关,与NO 3-N呈负相关,与水温呈正相关,与pH和DO呈极显著的正相关。     

湖南环境应急指挥系统结构与功能浅析探讨

近年来,湖南省环境信息化建设快速发展,但在通信网络的抗毁性以及突发事件的应对能力等方面考虑还不够完善。环境应急指挥系统能够协助环境厅应对各类突发的紧急事件,实现事前监测;在应急事件发生的时候快速、准确、科学地决策、协调、调度和指挥,向公众提供环境方面的紧急救助信息和服务;事后进行事件评估,重建等工作。本文研究的是湖南省环境应急指挥系统功能的实现,完成了一套环境应急指挥系统的开发工作。根据目前我省环境保护应急指挥实际情况,设计了环境应急指挥系统的总体平台;对环境应急指挥调度系统和综合应用系统进行了设计和分析,重点是对应用软件系统和硬件支撑平台进行了研究设计。     

污泥焚烧炉气动分配阀优化改造研究

文章阐述了循环流化床技术在污泥焚烧领域的应用及在实际应用中出现的问题,针对循环流化床锅炉系统的气动分配阀在实际操作中出现的问题进行了分析,进一步分析了气动阀存在的问题对整个系统的影响,确定了对其改造的方案,并付诸实施,气动阀的改造不但稳定了系统操作,亦使各项排放指标达到了国家标准,获得了循环流化床技术应用于污泥焚烧的操作经验,同时使得循环流化床技术在污泥焚烧领域的应用趋于成熟,并为循环流化床技术在污泥处置领域的推广奠定了基础。     

壳聚糖吸附印染废水中结晶紫效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖对染料结晶紫的吸附条件,探讨了壳聚糖添加量、结晶紫溶液初始浓度、温度等因素对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随着壳聚糖添加量的增加,其对结晶紫的吸附能力也增强;吸附量随结晶紫初始质量浓度的增加而增大,溶液中结晶紫的去除率随其初始浓度的增加也呈缓慢增加趋势;随着吸附温度从30℃升高到50℃,壳聚糖对结晶紫溶液的平衡吸附量有所减少。壳聚糖对结晶紫的吸附动力学符合Lagergren方程二级吸附模型和Elovich方程,吸附过程的表观活化能（Ea）为7．24kJ／mol。