煤气化废水的可生化性研究

本文通过对煤气化废水水质特性和实际废水生物反应器的研究,探讨了废水的复杂性和酚对COD的影响,研究表明,废水的可生化性较好,但经脱酚蒸氨后,因酚类物质的去除,COD的可生化性能大大降低,但仍可进行生化处理.     

Effects of nutrients on Microcystis growth more easily forming bloom

Different nutrient media experimentally were N, P and Fe-limited conditions and a serial of diluted BGll media. The cell change of morphology and life history, cell number, cell color and cell area of Microcystis were analyzed quantitatively. First, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron depletion were distinctively different. Phosphorus and iron depletion caused more special division cells,slowly growth increasing, the easier change of bigger cell area. Second, the nitrogen and iron depletion could make the color of alga from green to brown. Finally, according to the resource competition and Monod equation, Microcystis kinetics of phosphorus and iron were also examined. Ks and μmax of phosphorus absorption were 0.0352 μmol/L, 0.493 d^-1 respectively; iron absorption: 0.00323 μmol/L, 0.483d^-1. In a word, some evidences of the Microcystis bloom dominance in certain nutrient conditions were indicated in the experiments. The dominances were determined as the reviving under the adverse circumstances through the special division, the various nitrogen resources,and the lower kinetics of phosphorus and iron than that of most of other algae. The conclusions provided the scientific basis for preventing and managing Microcystis bloom in freshwater.     

奇特的极地景观

神秘莫测的南极南极大陆是最高大,最冷酷,最纯洁,最美丽,最神秘莫测,最桀骜不驯的。南极真是高得出奇,有2350米。犹如一个巨人。然而它又是最低的大陆。南极大陆上的本特莱冰下槽谷,在海平面以下2500多米．比北冰洋的平均深度还要深两倍多呢!这是由于在巨大冰盖的重压之下,大陆地壳产生了向     

基于压电纤维复合材料的风沙冲击力传感器研究∗

沙尘暴是一种多发于沙漠等干旱地区的灾害天气，建（构）筑物常受其影响被侵蚀甚至产生破坏，这种破坏的本质是风沙两相流中沙粒对结构表面冲击产生细微损伤的积累。为了深入探索这种风沙两相流对结构的冲击作用和沙粒冲击力在结构表面的分布规律，研究了采用压电纤维复合材料作为力传感器来测量风沙流场中沙粒冲击力的方法，通过标定试验建立了压电传感器所受沙粒冲击力与其输出电信号之间的数学模型，构建了基于压电纤维复合材料的风沙冲击力传感器。分别采用高频测力天平和压电传感器测量低矮房屋迎风面在风沙风洞试验中所受到的沙粒冲击力，验证压电传感器测量沙粒冲击力的适用性和准确性。结果显示：两种测力方式的结果总体相差在-4.72%~5.80%，两种试验结果吻合良好；建筑物迎风面内侧所受到的沙粒冲击力大于外侧所受到的沙粒冲击力，沙粒冲击力的分布与表面风压力分布具有一定相关关系。研究成果可为结构防风沙灾害的相关研究提供参考。     

河南油田提高稠油脱水技术的研究与应用

筛选高效破乳剂,采取更加合理有效的加药方式,提高脱水效果,降低生产成本至关重要。河南油田井楼油矿针对稠油筛选出高效破乳剂,通过管道破乳应用,得出:FS-21二代破乳剂脱水效果明显比一代有较大提高,原油含水率较低;并且在站外加药,脱水效果明显高于站内加药,药剂用量要比站内少;使用的160多天内FS-21二代破乳剂适用性良好。进一步提高了稠油整体脱水效果,取得了明显的经济效益。     

The toxicity of the glyphosate herbicide for Pardosa spiders’ predatory activity depends on the formulation of the glyphosate product

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Glyphosate is an herbicide which was previously considered safe for non-target organisms. 825.8 million kilograms of glyphosate-based products were used...     

Vertical distribution and temporal evolution of formaldehyde and glyoxal derived from MAX-DOAS observations: The indicative role of VOC sources

Formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) are important oxidization intermediates of most volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but their vertical evolution in urban areas is not well understood. Vertical profiles of HCHO, CHOCHO, and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were retrieved from ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations in Hefei, China. HCHO and CHOCHO vertical profiles prefer to occur at higher altitudes compared to NO₂, which might be caused by the photochemistry-oxidation of longer-lived VOCs at higher altitudes. Monthly means of HCHO concentrations were higher in summer, while enhanced amounts of NO₂ were mainly observed in winter. CHOCHO exhibited a hump-like seasonal variation, with higher monthly-averaged values not only occurred in warm months (July-August) but also in cold months (November-December). Peak values mainly occurred during noon for HCHO but emerged in the morning for CHOCHO and NO₂, suggesting that HCHO is stronger link to photochemistry than CHOCHO. We further use the glyoxal to formaldehyde ratio (GFR) to investigate the VOC sources at different altitudes. The lowest GFR value is almost found in the altitude from 0.2 to 0.4 km, and then rises rapidly as the altitude increases. The GFR results indicate that the largest contributor of the precursor VOC is biogenic VOCs at lower altitudes, while at higher altitudes is anthropogenic VOCs. Our findings provide a lot more insight into VOC sources at vertical direction, but more verification is recommended to be done in the future.