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101.
102.
Alvin N. Starratt Edwin J. Bond 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):513-525
Abstract Investigations have shown that the physical state of the DNA strongly influences the pattern of methylation observed when DNA or a substance containing DNA is treated with the fumigant methyl bromide. 1‐Methyl‐adenine and 7‐methylguanine were identified, after hydrolysis, as the major methylated bases of DNA which had been treated in the solid state. 3‐Methylcytosine, 3‐methyladenine and 7‐methyladenine were found as minor products. The overall methylation pattern was similar to that observed earlier for DNA of maize and wheat which had been fumigated. In contrast, when buffer solutions of DNA were treated with methyl bromide, the N‐7 position of guanine was the major site and the N‐3 position of adenine was the second most important site of methylation. This result corresponds to that previously observed in similar studies with buffer solutions of DNA and other methylating agents. 相似文献
103.
Yongxin Zhao Edwin S. Olson John H. Pavlish Grant E. Dunham 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):628-635
Abstract This paper is particularly related to elemental mercury (Hg0) oxidation and divalent mercury (Hg2+) reduction under simulated flue gas conditions in the presence of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). As a powerful oxidant and chlorinating reagent, Cl2 has the potential for Hg oxidation. However, the detailed mechanism for the interactions, especially among chlorine (Cl)-containing species, SO2, NO, as well as H2O, remains ambiguous. Research described in this paper therefore focused on the impacts of SO2 and NO on Hg0 oxidation and Hg2+ reduction with the intent of unraveling unrecognized interactions among Cl species, SO2, and NO most importantly in the presence of H2O. The experimental results demonstrated that SO2 and NO had pronounced inhibitory effects on Hg0 oxidation at high temperatures when H2O was also present in the gas blend. Such a demonstration was further confirmed by the reduction of Hg2+ back into its elemental form. Data revealed that SO2 and NO were capable of promoting homogeneous reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0 with H2O being present. However, the above inhibition or promotion disappeared under homogeneous conditions when H2O was removed from the gas blend. 相似文献
104.
105.
Bruce J. Eckholm Kirk E. Anderson Milagra Weiss Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(5):1037-1044
Multiple mating by honeybee queens results in colonies of genotypically diverse workers. Recent studies have demonstrated
that increased genetic diversity within a honeybee colony increases the variation in the frequency of tasks performed by workers.
We show that genotypically diverse colonies, each composed of 20 subfamilies, collect more pollen than do genotypically similar
colonies, each composed of a single subfamily. However, genotypically similar colonies collect greater varieties of pollen
than do genotypically diverse colonies. Further, the composition of collected pollen types is less similar among genotypically
similar colonies than among genotypically diverse colonies. The response threshold model predicts that genotypic subsets of
workers vary in their response to task stimuli. Consistent with this model, our findings suggest that genotypically diverse
colonies likely send out fewer numbers of foragers that independently search for pollen sources (scouts) in response to protein
demand by the colony, resulting in a lower variety of collected pollen types. The cooperative foraging strategy of honeybees
involves a limited number of scouts monitoring the environment that then guide the majority of foragers to high quality food
sources. The genetic composition of the colony appears to play an important role in the efficiency of this behavior. 相似文献
106.
Towell MG Paton GI Semple KT 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3777-3783
The effect of cable oil concentration, nutrient amendment and bioaugmentation on cable oil component biodegradation in a pristine agricultural soil was investigated. Biodegradation potential was evaluated over 21 d by measuring cumulative CO2 respiration on a Micro-Oxymax respirometer and 14C-phenyldodecane mineralisation using a 14C-respirometric assay. Cable oil concentration had a significant effect upon oil biodegradation. Microbial respiratory activity increased with increasing cable oil concentration, whereas 14C-phenydodecane mineralisation decreased. Bioaugmentation achieved the best cable oil biodegradation performance, resulting in increases in cumulative CO2 respiration, and maximum rates and extents of 14C-phenyldodecane mineralisation. Generally, nutrient amendment also enhanced cable oil biodegradation, but not to the extent that degrader amendment did. Cable oil biodegradation was a function of (i) cable oil concentration and (ii) catabolic ability of microbial populations. Bioaugmentation may enhance cable oil biodegradation, and is dependent upon composition, cell number and application of catabolic inocula to soil. 相似文献
107.
Paul D. Gutfreund Chung S. Liu Bruce R. Nicholson Edwin M. Roberts 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):864-871
The COMPLEX I and COMPLEX II Gaussian dispersion models for complex terrain applications have been made available by EPA. Various terrain treatment options under IOPT(25) can be selected for a particular application, one of which [IOPT(25) = 1] is an algorithm similar to that of the VALLEY model. A model performance evaluation exercise involving three of the available options with both COMPLEX models was carried out using SF6 tracer measurements taken during worst-case stable impaction conditions in complex terrain at the Harry Allen Plant site in southern Nevada. The models did not reproduce observed concentrations on an event by event basis, as correlation coefficients for 1-h concentrations of 0-0.3 were exhibited. When observed and calculated cumulative frequency distributions for 1-h and 3-h concentrations were compared, a close correspondence between observations and concentrations calculated with COMPLEX I, IOPT(25) = 2 or 3 was noted; both options consistently overestimated observed concentrations. With IOPT(25) = 1, upper percentile (maximum) values in the calculated frequency distribution exceeded the corresponding IOPT(25) = 2 or 3 value by roughly a factor of 2, and observed values by 2.5-5. COMPLEX II typically produced maximum values 2-4 times as great as COMPLEX I for the same terrain treatment option. From these results it is concluded that: 1) the physically unrealistic sector-spread approach used in VALLEY and COMPLEX I under stable impaction conditions is a surrogate for wind direction variation, and 2) the doubling of the plume centerline concentration due to ground reflection under terrain impingement conditions that is included in IOPT(25) = 1 is inappropriate. These findings were found to be consistent with an analysis of noncurrent observed and calculated SO2 χ/Q frequency distributions for 1, 3, and 24 hours near the Four Corners Plant in New Mexico. The comparison involved a four-year calculated χ/Q data set and a two-year observed χ/Q data set at the worst-case high terrain impact location near the plant. 相似文献
108.
添加剂对伴矿景天修复石灰性铅冶炼污染土壤的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了探讨利用伴矿景天(Sedum plumbizincicola)修复北方重金属污染土壤的可行性,在河南省某铅冶炼形成的污染农田(全镉、铅和锌含量分别为2.65、261和130 mg·kg-1)上种植种子苗或扦插苗伴矿景天,并设对照(CK)、单独尿素(U)、尿素和单质硫(U+S)、尿素与鸡粪(U+CM)配合处理,生长7个月后采样分析.结果表明,种子苗产量比扦插苗高45.8%~162.0%,U、U+CM处理产量均明显高于CK,而U+S处理产量有所下降.种子苗地上部镉含量比扦插苗高15%~99%(p0.05),多数处理铅和锌含量也是种子苗高于扦插苗.与CK相比,各处理措施均导致伴矿景天地上部镉和铅含量下降,而U+S、U+CM处理均导致伴矿景天地上部锌含量上升.从伴矿景天地上部重金属积累量判断,与CK相比,对于镉,仅种子苗U+CM处理镉积累量有所上升;U处理种子苗和扦插苗地上部锌积累量分别比CK上升43.5%和32.3%,两种苗U+S处理锌积累量比CK分别上升11.1%和22.3%.种子苗和扦插苗地上部镉的积累量分别为137~178 g·hm-2和43.7~64.8 g·hm-2,锌的积累量分别为297~1042 g·hm-2和162~326 g·hm-2,两类苗对铅的积累量小于28.8 g·hm-2.U+CM处理对伴矿景天地上部锌吸收的促进作用主要是由于鸡粪中含有大量的有效锌.以上结果表明,可利用种子苗伴矿景天结合尿素的施用对铅冶炼污染石灰性土壤进行修复. 相似文献
109.
The passive nutrient flux meter (PNFM) is introduced for simultaneous measurement of both water and nutrient flux through saturated porous media. The PNFM comprises a porous sorbent pre-equilibrated with a suite of alcohol tracers, which have different partitioning coefficients. Water flux was estimated based on the loss of loaded resident tracers during deployment, while nutrient flux was quantified based on the nutrient solute mass captured on the sorbent. An anionic resin, Lewatit 6328 A, was used as a permeable sorbent and phosphate (PO4(3-)) was the nutrient studied. The phosphate sorption capacity of the resin was measured in batch equilibration tests as 56 mg PO4(3-) g(-1), which was determined to be adequate capacity to retain PO4(3-) loads intercepted over typical PNFM deployment periods in most natural systems. The PNFM design was validated with bench-scale laboratory tests for a range of 9.8 to 28.3 cm d(-1) Darcy velocities and 6 to 43 h deployment durations. Nutrient and water fluxes measured by the PNFM averaged within 6 and 12% of the applied values, respectively, indicating that the PNFM shows promise as a tool for simultaneous measurement of water and nutrient fluxes. 相似文献
110.
Spatial distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the water column and bottom sediments of the Houston Ship Channel in Texas were measured three times over a 1-year period. Total TEQ concentrations in water ranged from 0.01 to 0.25 pg/l for the dissolved phase and from 0.09 to 2.91 pg/l for the suspended phase, while TEQ concentrations in bottom sediments varied from 0.9 to 139.8 ng/kg dry wt. The dissolved concentrations were lower than their respective suspended concentrations, with average dissolved/suspended ratios between 0.11 and 0.59 for individual congeners. More than 89% of the total concentration of 2378-substituted PCDD/PCDFs was attributable to OCDD but 2378-TCDD was the major contributor to total TEQ for the three sampled media. Average logs of organic carbon-normalized suspended sediment-dissolved partitioning coefficients (logK(oc)(obs)) varied between 4.92 and 8.59 l/kg-oc; while in the bottom sediment-dissolved interface, logK(oc)(obs) values ranged from 5.48 to 8.48 l/kg-oc. Observed logK(oc)values varied within a factor of 0.64-1.26 from equilibrium logK(oc) values, suggesting fluxes of PCDD/PCDFs across the interfaces. It was found that in the HSC, on average, the tendency of a compound to move from the particulate phase to the dissolved phase decreases with increasing K(ow). 相似文献