瑞典驼鹿(Alces alces)萎缩综合症:背景及当前的假说

20世纪80年代,在瑞典人们经常发现驼鹿死亡或身体状况差的情况.递交给瑞典国立兽医研究所(SVA)进行尸体常规检查的驼鹿数目增加了10倍之多.艾尔夫斯堡(Alvsborg)的狩猎者们对此尤为关注.随后,人们对驼鹿这一复杂的萎缩综合症进行了相关描述并从1991年开始收集有关患病驼鹿的报道.迄今为止,仍未找到该综合症确定的潜在病因,但人们提出了一些可能的假说以解释此综合症.这些假说基本上可以分为两类:食物相关假说和宿主-寄生虫相关假说.食物相关假说认为萎缩综合症有如下根本原因:酸化/撒石灰、采食动物密度/食物产量或污染.上述假说很少经严格实验检验,多半实验仅为一些观察结果支持,之所以这些假说与人们的预计相吻合,是因为这些假说是事后试图解释这些观察到的现象而提出的.     

蛀木生物钻刺团水虱是否改变红茄冬红树林的分布形状?

为了评价东非不同空间尺度(1m尺度～l00km尺度)红树林分布区等足类甲壳动物蛀木虫钻刺团水虱(团水虱属)在美国红树红茄冬气生根中出现的情况,进行了野外调查研究.     

Dogs as indicators of urban lead distribution

Lead (Pb) concentrations in 398 samples of dog whole blood were determined by atomic absorption method. All samples were within the normal range of values reported in literature, 95% of the samples had <8.0 g/100 ml lead. The correlation between blood lead level and the volume of traffic was highly significant. About 11% of the variability in concentration can be explained by the traffic flows near the animal's home. The findings confirm that traffic contributes a significant portion of the total inhaled lead. The use of dogs as environmental lead monitors is discussed. It is concluded that in non-occupational situations a survey of lead in blood of dogs may serve as a feasible, low-cost alternative to large-scale surveys of humans.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of eclogites from the Mariánské Lázne Complex, Czech Republic: Implications for Variscan orogenesis

The Mariánské Lázn complex (MLC) is located in the Bohemian Massif along the north-western margin of the Teplá-Barrandian microplate and consists of metagabbro, amphibolite and eclogite, with subordinate amounts of serpentinite, felsic gneiss and calcsilicate rocks. The MLC is interpreted as a metaophiolite complex that marks the suture zone between the Saxothuringian rocks to the north-west and the Teplá-Barrandian microplate to the south-east. Sm-Nd geochronology of garnet-omphacite pairs from two eclogite samples yields ages of 377±7, and 367±4 Ma. Samples of eclogite and amphibolite do not define a whole rock Sm-Nd isochron, even though there is a large range in Sm/Nd ratio, implying that the suite of samples may not be cogenetic. Eclogites do not have correlated _Nd values and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. Five of the eight eclogite samples have high _Nd values (+10.2 to +7.1) consistent with derivation from a MORB-like source, but variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7059) which probably reflect hydrothermal seawater alteration. Three other eclogite samples have lower _Nd values (+ 5.4 to –0.8) and widely variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7096). Such low _Nd values are inconsistent with derivation from a MORB, source and may reflect a subduction or oceanic island basalt component in their source. The MLC is an important petrotectonic element in the Bohemian Massif, providing evidence for Cambro-Ordovician formation of oceanic crust and interaction with seawater, Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) high- and medium-pressure metamorphism related to closure of a Saxothuringian ocean basin, Early Carboniferous (Viséan) thrusting of the Teplá terrane over Saxothuringian rocks and Late Viséan extension.     

Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland

Food and Environmental Virology - The main animal reservoirs of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) are domestic pigs and wild boars, but HEV also infects cervids. In this study, we estimated the...     

The Potential of Current- and Wind-Driven Transport for Environmental Management of the Baltic Sea

The ever increasing impact of the marine industry and transport on vulnerable sea areas puts the marine environment under exceptional pressure and calls for inspired methods for mitigating the impact of the related risks. We describe a method for preventive reduction of remote environmental risks caused by the shipping and maritime industry that are transported by surface currents and wind impact to the coasts. This method is based on characterizing systematically the damaging potential of the offshore areas in terms of potential transport to vulnerable regions of an oil spill or other pollution that has occurred in a particular area. The resulting maps of probabilities of pollution to be transported to the nearshore and the time it takes for the pollution to reach the nearshore are used to design environmentally optimized fairways for the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Proper, and south-western Baltic Sea.