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Combining ranking information in judgment post stratified and ranked set sampling designs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Omer Ozturk 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2012,19(1):73-93
Judgment post stratified (JPS) and ranked set sampling (RSS) designs rely on the ability of a ranker to assign ranks to potential
observations on available experimental units. In many settings, there are often more than one rankers available and each of
these rankers provide judgment ranks. This paper proposes two sampling schemes, one for JPS and the other for RSS, to combine
the judgment ranks of these rankers to produce a strength of agreement measure for each fully measured unit. This strength
measure is used to draw inference for the population mean and cumulative distribution function. The paper shows that the estimators
constructed based on this strength measure provide a substantial improvement over the same estimators based on judgment ranking
information of a single best ranker. 相似文献
23.
Cagatayhan Ersu Ertan Arslankaya Say Kee Ong David Fox Lance Aldrich James Copeman 《Water environment research》2008,80(3):257-266
Two biological nutrient removal modes, consisting of anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic sequences, were tested in a full-scale sequencing batch reactor. The modes, identified as BNR-S1 and BNR-S2, had average total nitrogen removals of 84 and 89%, respectively, for the months of August to October. Over the same period, total phosphorus removals for BNR-S1 and BNR-S2 were 88 and 87%, respectively. In contrast, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removals for the regular aerobic mode were 54.7 and 44.7%, respectively. When the wastewater temperature changed from approximately 20 to 15 degrees C in the winter months, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removals for BNR-S2 were reduced to 81 and 70%, respectively. Total nitrogen effluent concentrations were between 2.5 and 4 mg-N/L (at approximately 20 degrees C), while the effluent total phosphorus concentrations were between 1 and 2 mg/L. The BNR-S2 mode was found to require less energy per kilogram of soluble chemical oxygen demand removed than the regular and BNR-S1 modes. 相似文献
24.
Rehman Abdul Ma Hengyun Ozturk Ilhan Ulucak Recep 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):17319-17330
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Population growth has been a leading driver of global CO2 emissions over the last several decades. CO2 emission and greenhouse gas emissions are a key... 相似文献
25.
Advanced physico-chemical treatment experiences on young municipal landfill leachates 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Ozturk I Altinbas M Koyuncu I Arikan O Gomec-Yangin C 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2003,23(5):441-446
In this study, Membrane Filtration (UF+RO), Struvite (MAP) precipitation and ammonia stripping alternatives were studied on biologically pre-treated Landfill Leachate. The results indicated that the system including the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASBR) and Membrane Reactors (UF+RO) has been offered as an appropriate treatment alternative for young landfill leachates. This system provided high removals of COD, colour and conductivity (>98-99%). For ammonia removal, struvite precipitation was applied at the stoichiometric ratio (Mg:NH4:PO4=1:1:1) to anaerobically pre-treated raw landfill leachate effluent having an influent ammonium concentration of 2240 mg/l. Maximum ammonium nitrogen removal was observed as 85% at pH of 9.2. In ammonia stripping following 2 h of aeration, the removal was 72% at pH=12 while the removals were around 20% at pH=10 and pH=11. When membrane reactor, and struvite precipitation or ammonia stripping was applied to anaerobically pre-treated effluents, the results indicated that each system could be used as an appropriate post-treatment option for young landfill leachates. In economic aspect, ammonia stripping was found as the cheapest alternative with high ammonium removal. However, when both high COD and ammonium removals were to be achieved membrane technology such as UF+RO (SW) could be considered as the most appropriate system due to the fact that COD removal could be obtained very low by ammonia stripping. 相似文献
26.
Mountainous areas, which form the largest geography of our country and are called reserves of resources owing to their difficulty of accessibility, have been increasingly under threat of exploitation and overuse in recent years. The area in question from among the mountainous areas, which are sensitive ecosystems with their environmental components, is the Bozda? mass located in Gölcük Plateau Settlement, which has been subject to intensive construction and use. This study is intended to reveal the current uses of Gölcük Plateau (agricultural, recreation, and tourism) and determine the sources and effects of pollution as a result of these uses and aims at revealing how the permanent residents of Gölcük Plateau Settlement on Bozda? Plateau, which is a center of attraction with respect of recreation and tourism activities, and those who go there only in certain periods, use the environment for tourism and recreational purposes, and determine their positive and negative impacts on environment through SWOT analysis. 相似文献
27.
Ertan Yoloğlu 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(7):644-659
Atatürk Dam Lake is one of the important freshwater ecosystems in the world in terms of the size of the surface area and the biodiversity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of metal pollution in the Atatürk Dam Lake on some biochemical markers in the gills and digestive glands of mussels (Unio mancus). Mussel samples were collected in July-2018 from four stations. The metal residues (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) in the tissues were determined by ICP-MS. The MT, reduced GSH, and MDA levels were analysed using the proposed spectrophotometric methods. According to the results, toxic metals such as Cd and Pb in both tissues were determined mostly in mussels collected from St1. The highest MT and MDA levels in the gills were determined in St3 and St2 respectively, while the highest MT and MDA levels in the digestive glands were determined in St1. Although there was no significant difference in the reduced GSH level in the gills among the stations, the highest reduced GSH level in the digestive glands was determined in St4. These results indicated that mussels are appropriate sentinel organisms for metal contamination with effects on oxidative stress and metal exposure biomarkers. 相似文献
28.
Order restricted randomized designs and two sample inference 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper develops a new design that relies on subjective judgment ranking to compare subsets of experimental units. This
judgment ranking is used along with restricted randomization to improve statistical inference for the contrast between two
levels of a treatment. The new design assigns the judgment ranked units in a subset to different treatments. Such an assignment
translates the positive dependence among units within each subset into negative dependence for the estimators of treatment
means, and hence leads to a reduction in variance for the contrast. For the proposed design, a test for the difference in
means of two treatment levels is developed along with an associated confidence interval. It is shown that the null distribution
of the proposed test is approximated reasonably well with the Student’s t-distribution for sample sizes as small as 6. A simulation study indicates that the proposed design is advantageous compared
to its competitors in the literature for both high and low quality rankings. The new design’s advantage increases with the
quality of rankings. 相似文献
29.
This paper develops statistical inference for population mean and total using stratified judgment post-stratified (SJPS) samples. The SJPS design selects a judgment post-stratified sample from each stratum. Hence, in addition to stratum structure, it induces additional ranking structure within stratum samples. SJPS is constructed from a finite population using either a with or without replacement sampling design. Inference is constructed under both randomization theory and a super population model. In both approaches, the paper shows that the estimators of population mean and total are unbiased. The paper also constructs unbiased estimators for the variance (mean square prediction error) of the sample mean (predictor of population mean), and develops confidence and prediction intervals for the population mean. The empirical evidence shows that the proposed estimators perform better than their competitors in the literature. 相似文献
30.
Shahbaz Muhammad Haouas Ilham Sohag Kazi Ozturk Ilhan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10685-10699
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This article revisits the nexus between financial development and environmental degradation by incorporating economic growth, electricity consumption... 相似文献