项目管理在大型环境整治工程建设中的重要性研究

随着现代工程专业化水平和复杂程度的日益增长,高质量的项目管理已经成为目前大型工程顺利建成的重要保障之一。本文以苏州河环境整治工程项目管理工作为基础,通过对现代工程项目管理特点和重要性进行梳理、分析,论述了项目管理对大型工程的重要性,并根据实际工作经验,从项目信息管理、工作量统计、文明施工管理、工程档案管理等方面入手,成功完成该项目建设任务。结合所得工作成果,提出下一阶段项目管理工作的改进建议,所得成果极具现实意义。     

地震灾害应急管理培训评估方法研究

我国各级政府的应急管理培训迅速发展,但是培训效果如何,针对应急管理培训的评估方法研究明显较为滞后。本文以国家地震紧急救援训练基地的地震灾害应急管理培训为视角,对其评估方法进行研究,通过对国际上常用的CIRO培训评估模型的分析和借鉴,以其四阶段评估法为基础,从培训背景、培训投入、学员反应和培训效果等四个方面对地震灾害应急管理培训的评估方法进行研究;从而建立适应目前地震灾害应急管理培训的评估方法。     

Empirical corroboration of an earlier theoretical resolution to the UV paradox of insect polarized skylight orientation

It is surprising that many insect species use only the ultraviolet (UV) component of the polarized skylight for orientation and navigation purposes, while both the intensity and the degree of polarization of light from the clear sky are lower in the UV than at longer (blue, green, red) wavelengths. Why have these insects chosen the UV part of the polarized skylight? This strange phenomenon is called the "UV-sky-pol paradox". Although earlier several speculations tried to resolve this paradox, they did this without any quantitative data. A theoretical and computational model has convincingly explained why it is advantageous for certain animals to detect celestial polarization in the UV. We performed a sky-polarimetric approach and built a polarized skylight sensor that models the processing of polarization signals by insect photoreceptors. Using this model sensor, we carried out measurements under clear and cloudy sky conditions. Our results showed that light from the cloudy sky has maximal degree of polarization in the UV. Furthermore, under both clear and cloudy skies the angle of polarization of skylight can be detected with a higher accuracy. By this, we corroborated empirically the soundness of the earlier computational resolution of the UV-sky-pol paradox.     

Mechanism and kinetics study on the ozonolysis reaction of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the atmosphere

The ozonolysis of 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(2,3,7,8-TCDD) is an efcient degradation way in the atmosphere. The ozonolysis process and possible reactions path of Criegee Intermediates with NO and H2 O are introduced in detail at the method of MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p)//MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p) level. In ozonolysis, H2O is an important source of OH radical formation and initiated the subsequent degradation reaction. The Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus(RRKM) theory was applied to calculate rate constants with the temperature ranging from 200 to 600 K. The rate constant of reaction between 2,3,7,8-TCDD and O3 is 4.80 × 10 20cm3/(mole·sec) at 298 K and 760 Torr. The atmospheric lifetime of the reaction species was estimated according to rate constants, which is helpful for the atmospheric model study on the degradation and risk assessment of dioxin.     

Photocatalytic removal of NO and NO2 using titania nanotubes synthesized by hydrothermal method

In this study, the photocatalysts of titania nanotubes(TNTs) were synthesized at different calcination temperatures using commercial Degussa TiO2(P25) as a precursor. The materials were then characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses. The photocatalytic reactions with NO and NO2 under UV-A irradiation were both performed. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate of NO was much faster than that of NO2, and the conversion of NO2 to nitrate was the rate-limiting step for photocatalytic removal of NOx if the nitrate produced cannot be removed continuously from the photocatalyst surface. For TNTs calcined at different temperatures, a significant enhancement was observed on the total NOx removal efficiency by TNT calcined at 500°C for both NO and NO2 photocatalytic reaction, which could be attributed to its high anatase crystallinity as well as high surface area. These two factors affect primarily on the NO2conversion step in which the high anatase crystallinity could be responsible for the high efficiency at the beginning, while the high surface area could be accounted for retaining this high efficiency from nitric acid poisoning during the test period.     

Combination of heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction and photocatalysis using Co-TiO2 nanocatalyst for activation of KHSO5 with visible light irradiation at ambient conditions

A novel coupled system using Co–Ti O2 was successfully designed which combined two different heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes, sulfate radical based Fenton-like reaction（SR-Fenton） and visible light photocatalysis（Vis-Photo）, for degradation of organic contaminants. The synergistic effect of SR-Fenton and Vis-Photo was observed through comparative tests of 50 mg/L Rhodamine B（Rh B） degradation and TOC removal. The Rhodamine B degradation rate and TOC removal were 100% and 68.1% using the SR-Fenton/Vis-Photo combined process under ambient conditions, respectively. Moreover, based on XRD, XPS and UV-DRS characterization, it can be deduced that tricobalt tetroxide located on the surface of the catalyst is the SR-Fenton active site, and cobalt ion implanted in the Ti O2 lattice is the reason for the visible light photocatalytic activity of Co–Ti O2. Finally, the effects of the calcination temperature and cobalt concentration on the synergistic performance were also investigated and a possible mechanism for the synergistic system was proposed. This coupled system exhibited excellent catalytic stability and reusability,and almost no dissolution of Co2＋was found.     

Dissolved organic matter removal using magnetic anion exchange resin treatment on biological effluent of textile dyeing wastewater

This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter（DOM） from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents（DBEs） with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin（NDMP）.DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionized using DAX-8/XAD-4 resin and ultrafiltration membranes. The hydrophilic fractions and the low molecular weight（MW）（〈3 kDa） DOM fractions constituted a major portion（〉50%） of DOMs for the two effluents. The hydrophilic and low MW fractions of both effluents were the greatest contributors of specific UV254absorbance（SUVA254）,and the SUVA254 of DOM fractions decreased with hydrophobicity and MW. Two DBEs exhibited acute and chronic biotoxicities. Both acute and chronic toxicities of DOM fractions increased linearly with the increase of SUVA254 value. Kinetics of dissolved organic carbon（DOC） removal via NDMP treatment was performed by comparing it with that of particle active carbon（PAC）. Results indicated that the removal of DOC from DBEs via NDMP was 60%,whereas DOC removals by PAC were lower than 15%. Acidic organics could be significantly removed with the use of NDMP. DOM with large MW in DBE could be removed significantly by using the same means. Removal efficiency of NDMP for DOM decreased with the decrease of MW. Compared with PAC,NDMP could significantly reduce the acute and chronic bio-toxicities of DBEs. NaCl/NaOH mixture regenerants,with selected concentrations of 10% NaCl（m/m）/1%NaOH（m/m）,could improve desorption efficiency.     

磷矿粉和腐熟水稻秸秆对土壤铅污染的钝化

通过室内培养试验研究了磷矿粉和草酸活化磷矿粉与腐熟水稻秸秆配施及不同水分处理对土壤基本性质和铅形态变化的影响.结果表明,施用3种钝化材料都能提高土壤p H值、有效磷、交换性钙、阳离子交换量,其中活化磷矿粉效果最佳;与保持70%田间持水量相比,淹水处理增加p H、提高交换性钙效果更好,但有效磷较低.施用3种钝化材料能使可交换态铅减少,促进其向生物难利用态转变,活化磷矿粉对铅的钝化效果优于未活化的磷矿粉,两者最高分别可使交换态与对照相比降低40.3%和24.2%,且钝化效果与施用量呈正相关;腐熟水稻秸秆能增加土壤有机结合态铅;淹水处理可促使交换态铅向铁锰氧化物和残渣态转化.     

pH值对易腐有机垃圾厌氧发酵产物分布的影响

易腐有机垃圾的厌氧发酵(水解和酸化)程度和发酵类型受pH值的影响.批式实验结果表明:发酵液pH=7时有利于微生物的生长繁殖,从而促进碳水化合物的水解和酸化过程,还能促进可溶性蛋白的酸化过程.在不同pH值条件下,易腐有机垃圾的基本发酵类型为:pH=7时主要进行丁酸发酵;pH=8时丁酸发酵类型逐渐占优势;而pH=5时丙酸发酵类型逐渐占优势.乳酸是酸化初期的主要产物,但在发酵液的pH=5和pH=7条件下,乳酸可被微生物进一步代谢,而pH=8时乳酸却未能被代谢.在酸化初期醇的产生量大于挥发性脂肪酸,酸化后期pH=5和pH=7时挥发性脂肪酸与醇产生量比值为1.2～1.5∶1,而pH=8时两者比值为1.6～2.5∶1.pH为5、7和8三者的水解速率常数k_h分别为0.000 8 h^-1、0.000 9 h^-1和0.000 2h^-1.pH=7在反应时间t>100 h以后,发酵液中可溶态总有机碳全部由酸化产物组成,酸化完全;而pH=5和pH=8达到酸化完全的反应时间分别为t>300 h和t>600 h.     

纳污海域水环境容量计算与总量分配方法研究——以钦州湾为例

经过比较,明确了选用多源线性迭加的方法来计算纳污海域环境容量更加便利和有效,确定了纳污海域水环境容量计算中的几个重要条件,在对“背景浓度”的处理上引入了最大日均值的概念,使得计算结果更加安全可靠。在此基础上,以广西钦州湾为例,用多元线性迭加法计算出纳污海域两个规划排污口联合排放的无机氮、COD、石油类的最大允许排放量。优化了污染物排放方法,为钦州湾污染物排放提供了科学依据。