Is an adjusted rhizosphere-based method valid for field assessment of metal phytoavailability? Application to non-contaminated soils

Previously recommended rhizosphere-based method (RHIZO) applied to moist rhizosphere soils was integrated with moist bulk soils, and termed adjusted-RHIZO method (A-RHIZO). The A-RHIZO and RHIZO methods were systematically compared with EDTA, DTPA, CaCl2 and the first step of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR1) methods for assessing metal phytoavailability under field conditions. Results suggested that moist bulk soils are equally suited or even better than rhizosphere soils to estimate metal phytoavailability. The A-RHIZO method was preferred to other methods for predicting the phytoavailability of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Mn to wheat roots with correlation coefficients of 0.730 (P<0.001), 0.854 (P<0.001), 0.887 (P<0.001), 0.739 (P<0.001), 0.725 (P<0.001) and 0.469 (P<0.05), respectively. When including soil properties, other extraction methods were also able to predict phytoavailability reasonably well for some metals. Soil pH, organic matter and Fe-Mn oxide contents, and cation-exchange capacity mostly influenced the extraction and phytoavailability of metals.     

Photochemical degradation of six polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners under ultraviolet irradiation in hexane

The photodegradation of six individual PBDE congeners (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 183) in hexane was investigated under UV light in the sunlight region, employing a mercury lamp filtered with Pyrex glass. All photodegradation reactions followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics, with the half-lives ranging from 0.26h for BDE-183 to 6.46h for BDE-100. The photochemical reaction rates of PBDEs decreased with decreasing number of bromine substituents in the molecule, also in some cases were influenced by the PBDE substitution pattern. Principal photoproducts detected were less brominated PBDEs, and no PBDE-solvent adducts were found. Consecutive reductive debromination was confirmed as the main mechanism for the photodegradation of PBDEs in hexane. In general, debromination firstly occurred on the more substituted rings, when the numbers of bromine atoms on the two phenyl rings were unequal. For less brominated PBDEs, the photoreactivity of bromines at various positions of phenyl rings decreased in the order: ortho>para; while for higher brominated PBDEs, the difference became not significant.     

我国秸秆资源开发利用综述

生物质资源包括农作物秸秆和农业加工剩余物、薪材及林业加工剩余物等，具有可再生性、低污染性、广泛分布性等特点。我国是农业大国，农作物的废弃物——秸秆资源极其丰富，对我国开发利用秸秆资源进行发电、制沼气、还田、制饲料以及秸秆的其它用途进行了综述。     

基于统计和信度理论的火灾保险费率分级方法

通过对建筑火灾保险费率厘定的调查、研究,确定了关于建筑物火灾保险费率的主要影响因素;详细介绍基于统计理论和信度理论的火灾保险费率分级方法,并以美国马萨诸塞州东海岸地区为例,给出其实际的应用算例;结合实际中的问题,分析了基于统计理论和信度理论的火灾保险费率分级方法的优缺点,为我国建筑火灾保险费率厘定的研究提供了依据和参考。     

管制员不安全行为干预策略研究

为了制定科学合理的干预策略、防止由管制员导致的两机相撞等不安全事件发生,运用系统动力学方法(SD)构建了管制员不安全行为干预策略模型,以S空管站为例,运用Vensim软件仿真模拟不同安全奖惩政策对管制员不安全行为的干预结果。结果表明:安全奖励政策可以有效干预管制员的差错行为,安全惩罚政策可以有效干预管制员的违章行为;高强度奖励政策-中强度惩罚政策组合干预效果最佳,即当对管制员奖励强度达管制员月薪的3.2倍,惩罚强度达管制员月薪的0.82倍,管制员不安全行为造成的不安全事件率能够降低85.6%。     

气密性涂层织物的撕裂和顶破性能探讨

本文测试分析了4种涂层织物涂层前后撕裂和顶破性能，研究表明涂层织物平均撕裂强力趋于下降，撕裂强力均匀；涂层织物因织物和薄膜的共同作用，顶破形态呈矩形变化与基布的组织结构有密切关系，涂层后顶破强力变大。     

制氧企业安全现状评价技术方法探讨

对制氧企业进行的安全现状评价,其评价结果是企业能否获得安全生产许可证的条件之一。因此,如何选择合适的评价方法,得到符合制氧企业实际的评价结果,准确反映企业的安全生产状况,为制氧企业的事故预防和安全管理工作提供有效途径,同时也为国家安全生产监督管理部门安全生产许可证的发放提供技术支撑,是一个十分现实的问题。本文针对制氧企业生产的特点,将其划分为不同的评价单元,综合运用故障模式和影响及严重度分析、故障模式及影响分析、事故统计分析、故障树分析、安全检查表分析、作业条件危险性评价法和事故后果模拟分析等方法,对制氧企业安全现状评价进行了探讨。     

HP6890色谱柱用于环境空气中微量恶臭硫化物的检测

利用HP6890型气相色谱仪进行环境空气中微量恶臭硫化物分析,实验结果表明:分离效果、峰形都很好,实验采用4种柱箱初始温度及升温程序,分别由初始温度70℃升温至90℃、120℃、130℃及由初始温度150℃,最后升温至190℃,相应分析一个样品的时间依次为:130.515min、63.419min、56.359min及11.116min,样品分析时间大大缩短,可提高分析效率。     

枣庄市水体污染现状及治理对策研究

对枣庄市水体环境污染现状进行了简要分析，对7条主要河流水质现状进行比较，运用指数平滑预测模型、灰色预测模型以及组合预测模型等三种预测分析方法对2010年枣庄市水环境污染状况进行了预测，在借鉴国外水污染治理成功经验的基础上，根据枣庄市水污染现状和成因，按照系统性、可持续发展、统一规划、分期实施的原则，研究了枣庄市水环境污染综合治理对策，提出从观念技术创新（发展循环经济等）、体制机制改革（进行水资源管理体制改革等）、公共财政投入（工程设施、资金保障等）等方面进行枣庄市的城市水环境污染的治理工作。