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81.
Cristiano Bertolucci Mauro Leorati Augusto Innocenti Augusto Foà 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(3):200-209
The daily pattern of locomotor activity of Podarcis sicula in the field changes from unimodal in spring to bimodal in summer, becoming unimodal again in autumn. Short-term experiments
in which P. sicula collected in different months were tested under constant conditions immediately after capture showed that the activity pattern
typical of each season is retained in the lizard circadian locomotor rhythm. In constant conditions, the bimodal pattern is
associated with a short free-running period (τ) of the circadian locomotor rhythm and a long circadian activity (α), while
the unimodal pattern is associated with a long τ and short α. To test whether seasonal changes in circadian locomotor rhythms
are driven by a circannual clock, we recorded locomotor activity of lizards over 12–15 months in constant temperature and
darkness. The present results demonstrate, for the first time in a vertebrate, the existence of circannual changes in constant
darkness of both τ and α. In most lizards, the longest τ along its circannual cycle is associated with a short α, and the
shortest τ in the same cycle with a long α, so that the pattern of mutual association between τ and α is the same as in short-term
experiments. Most lizards, however, stayed unimodal all the time. This shows that changes in activity pattern from unimodal
to bimodal (and vice versa) are induced by seasonal changes in environmental factors, instead of being incorporated into a
circannual rhythm. Circannual changes in τ and α of locomotor rhythms may adaptively predispose the circadian system of P. sicula to a change in activity pattern as soon as seasonal changes in the environment demand it.
Received: 22 January 1999 / Received in revised form: 14 April 1999 / Accepted: 19 April 1999 相似文献
82.
Ryan?BullockEmail author Denis?Kirchhoff Ian?Mauro Morrissa?Boerchers 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(2):883-895
This paper examines patterns in recently published research addressing Indigenous capacity for collaborative natural resource development in Canada’s forestry, energy, and mining sectors. As Indigenous involvement in natural resource development increases, so too does the body of associated scholarship. We gathered information on several core metrics (year of publication, authorship, and gender, author affiliation, journal titles, citation counts and impacts factors, and keywords) to analyze research output, trends, and gaps. Our bibliometric analysis of 49 articles from peer-reviewed journals confirms that Indigenous natural resource development and capacity research has steadily increased over the past decade in terms of the number and range of papers, authors, institutions, and cases examined. Research output peaked in 2013 and 2015. Authorship is distributed evenly between male and female lead researchers, with teams located across southern Canada, with highest concentrations in urban population centers of British Columbia, Manitoba, and Ontario. In contrast, the research sites are located in more northern, rural, and remote locations. That communities and projects under study are not currently matched with sites of research capacity raises questions about capacity building and the nature of research “on” versus “with” Indigenous peoples. Policies and programs designed to enhance Indigenous involvement and capacity must address these asymmetries in order to be representative, effective, and responsive to current Indigenous priorities. 相似文献
83.
Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Doria Simone Athayde Elineide E. Marques Maria Alice Leite Lima Jynessa Dutka-Gianelli Mauro Luis Ruffino David Kaplan Carlos E. C. Freitas Victoria N. Isaac 《Ambio》2018,47(4):453-465
We analyze the invisibility of fisheries and inadequacy of fishers’ participation in the process of hydropower development in the Amazon, focusing on gaps between legally mandated and actual outcomes. Using Ostrom’s institutional design principles for assessing common-pool resource management, we selected five case studies from Brazilian Amazonian watersheds to conduct an exploratory comparative case-study analysis. We identify similar problems across basins, including deficiencies in the dam licensing process; critical data gaps; inadequate stakeholder participation; violation of human rights; neglect of fishers’ knowledge; lack of organization and representation by fishers’ groups; and lack of governmental structure and capacity to manage dam construction activities or support fishers after dam construction. Fishers have generally been marginalized or excluded from decision-making regarding planning, construction, mitigation, compensation, and monitoring of the social–ecological impacts of hydroelectric dams. Addressing these deficiencies will require concerted investments and efforts by dam developers, government agencies and civil society, and the promotion of inter-sectorial dialogue and cross-scale participatory planning and decision-making that includes fishers and their associations. 相似文献
84.
Leonel J Taniguchi S Sasaki DK Cascaes MJ Dias PS Botta S Santos MC Montone RC 《Chemosphere》2012,86(7):741-746
Chlorinated pesticides, PCBs and PBDEs were analysed in nine blubber samples of Atlantic spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis, incidentally captured during fishing operations in southern and southeastern Brazil between 2005 and 2007. The majority of compounds analysed were detected, suggesting widespread contamination over the region. Although the samples came from a location far from main coastal industrial areas, the results revealed an influence from such sources. Therefore, levels of PCBs (774-23 659 ng g−1 lipid wt.) and PBDEs (23-1326 ng g−1 lipid wt.) detected seem to be related to the movement of individuals throughout near-shore and offshore waters. The sample from a lactating female exhibited a lower level of contamination and a distinct pattern, indicating selective transfer favouring less lipophilic compounds. 相似文献
85.
Torresan Filippo Piccinini Leonardo Cacace Mauro Pola Marco Zampieri Dario Fabbri Paolo 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2135-2162
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Renewable natural resources are strategic for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the human footprint. The renewability of these resources is a crucial... 相似文献
86.
Lorenzo Serra Simone Pirrello Manuela Caprioli Matteo Griggio Alessandro Andreotti Andrea Romano Andrea Pilastro Nicola Saino Roberto Sacchi Paolo Galeotti Mauro Fasola Fernando Spina Diego Rubolini 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(5):697-709
In seasonally fluctuating environments, timing of reproduction is a crucial determinant of fitness. Studies of birds show that late breeding attempts generally result in offspring of lower reproductive value, with lower recruitment and long-term survival prospects. Several proximate mechanisms, including a seasonal decline of immune system functioning, may lead to a seasonal decline of offspring fitness. We investigated seasonal variation in offspring quality by subjecting first- and second-brood chicks of a sexually size dimorphic species, the European starling Sturnus vulgaris, to an immune challenge with a bacterial endotoxin (LPS), and evaluated their growth and physiological response in terms of total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC), concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites and hematocrit. LPS challenge did not affect chick growth or oxidative status. However, hematocrit of second-brood chicks was higher in LPS chicks compared to controls. Body mass halfway through the rearing period (days?8–9 post-hatching), TAC and hematocrit were lower among second- vs. first-brood chicks. Interestingly, sexual dimorphism in body mass at days?8–9 post-hatching markedly differed between broods, first-brood males being 4.7% and second-brood males 22.7% heavier than their sisters, respectively. Pre-fledging mortality occurred among second-brood chicks only and was strongly female-biased. Our findings suggest that starling chicks, even if in poor conditions, are little affected by a bacterial challenge, at least in the short-term. Moreover, our study indicates that sex differences in body size, possibly mediated by sex-specific maternal investment in egg size, may heavily impact on pre-fledging survival in a different way in the course of the breeding season, resulting in sex-specific seasonal decline of offspring fitness. Finally, we suggest that levels of circulating antioxidants should be regarded among the proximate causes of the association between timing of fledging and long-term survival in avian species. 相似文献
87.
Heavy metal content of edible plants collected close to an area of intense mining activity (southern Portugal) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fernando H. Reboredo João Pelica Fernando C. Lidon José C. Ramalho Maria F. Pessoa Teresa Calvão Manuela Simões Mauro Guerra 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(8):484
The Neves-Corvo mining complex (MC) situated in southern Portugal exploits one of the most world’s important copper deposits. Agricultural soils surrounding the MC, used by the inhabitants for crop production, contain excessive amounts of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Thus, a potential risk to human consumption exists if edible plants grow on these substrata. Arsenic and Pb were not detected in edible samples collected near the MC and 5 km away, but in the leaves—structural or adsorbed onto the surface. In general, Zn was the most mobile element in both contaminated and reference areas as seen by the bioaccumulation factors (BAF). The tolerable upper intake (TUI) values for Cu are a reason of concern, since in 57.1% of the cases, the TUI values are above the recommended upper limit of 5 mg/day, in the case of Ficus carica, Cucurbita pepo, and Phaseolus vulgaris, whereas in 28.6% of the cases, the TUI values are near this limit (C. pepo and Citrus x sinensis). The consumption of such vegetables from these areas must be banned or strongly reduced, since long-term accumulation of Cu can cause a chronic toxicity in humans. 相似文献
88.
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90.
Virginia Alves Martins Maria Cazelli Lucas Yhasnara Missilene da CristineSilva Layla Barros Saibro Murilo Bobco Fabia Emanuela Rafaloski Rubio Belen Ferreira Bruna Castelo Wellen Fernanda Louzada Santos José Francisco Ribeiro Sara Frontalini Fabrizio Martínez-Colón Michael Pereira Egberto Antonioli Luzia Geraldes Mauro Rocha Fernando Sousa Silvia Helena Mello e Manuel Alveirinho Dias João 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(46):69652-69679
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We analyze potential Late Holocene metal contamination along a sediment core collected in the distal zone of Ria de Vigo (North Spain). Statistical... 相似文献