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971.
燃煤氟中毒地区民用高氟煤的氟释放规律 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
实验室模拟实验和农户家中的现场测定表明,室内空气氟含量与民用煤的氟含量呈正相关趋势(R=0.612, p<0.01);但在民用炉燃烧温度条件下的煤氟释放率却与煤氟含量无关.在200~1200℃范围内,煤氟释放率随温度的变化曲线呈"S"型,即300℃时开始逐渐上升,700℃前较低,最高不超过31%,700℃至1000℃之间,则释放率迅速上升,随后较为缓慢,到1100℃至1200℃时,释放率接近100%,其整个释放曲线可用Logistic方程来拟合.总体上,煤氟释放与煤氟的存在状态和煤中的矿物及化学组成有关,贵州烟煤、无烟煤氟的燃烧释放要比陕南石煤更快,前者的释放率在1100℃时就接近100%,而后者则到1200℃时才释放完全.民用炉的燃烧温度最高为1000℃左右,这时贵州烟煤、无烟煤样品的平均氟释放率为86.9%,而陕南石煤样品的平均氟释放率为80.6%. 相似文献
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974.
剩余活性污泥和厨余垃圾续批式混合中温消化试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将加碱水解和未水解剩余活性污泥与厨余垃圾混合后进行序批式中温厌氧消化,对生化产甲烷势(BMP)进行了测定.剩余活性污泥的水解通过添加NaOH进行,合理的NaOH投量为40 mmol/L,在25 ℃和35 ℃下经过6 h的水解后SCOD水解率分别提高27.4%和31.1%.厨余垃圾、25℃和35℃下水解污泥的最终甲烷产量分别为607、284、312 mL/g(VS),两种水解污泥比未水解污泥分别高出43%、57.6%,水解污泥和厨余垃圾混合消化的可降解能力要优于未水解污泥和厨余垃圾的混合进料. 相似文献
975.
Monitoring the effectiveness of management activities within reserves is always a complicated task. When the focus of management
activities is mammals, it is difficult to monitor their populations in a way that is rapid, effective, and inexpensive. We
report on a mammal survey of a reserve in southwest China using remote-trip cameras. We surveyed 329 locations over 2 field
seasons in 2002 and 2003. Sixteen species of mammals were detected with these cameras, with four species documented for the
first time. After accounting for variation due to slope, aspect, elevation, and habitat type, the distribution of six species
was positively associated with the location of conservation stations and/or patrolling routes. Species of medium-sized mammals
are excellent candidates for monitoring programs based on these cameras, due to their relative abundance, sufficient size
to be detected by the camera units, and sensitivity to human activity. The distribution of mammals relative to management
efforts is a relatively rapid means to assess reserve effectiveness. The repeat use of the cameras as part of a monitoring
plan should provide a quantifiable measure of reserve effectiveness. 相似文献
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978.
黄山是我国著名的风景名胜区及世界重要的人类自然和文化遗产,具有观赏游览、科学研究及文化艺术活动等功能。为了实现旅游经济与生态环境的协调和可持续发展,提出了在黄山风景区内划分特殊自然及人文景观保护小区的观点,并划出第四纪冰川遗迹、花岗岩石林地貌、泥炭藓沼泽、松林及温泉等景观生态保护小区。主要探讨黄山风景区第四纪冰川遗迹景观生态保护小区的分布、特征及保护措施。 相似文献
979.
Yu YX Huang NB Zhang XY Li JL Yu ZQ Han SY Lu M Van de Wiele T Wu MH Sheng GY Fu JM 《Chemosphere》2011,83(2):152-160
The concentrations of PBDEs in 299 vegetable and animal-based food samples of 31 species, collected in Shanghai, China, and the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in part of the samples were determined. The PBDE concentrations ranged from 0 to 1245.4 pg g−1 with animal-based food containing more PBDEs than vegetables. The bioaccessibility of PBDEs, determined by a method simulating human gastrointestinal digestion process, were from 2.6% to 39.9% in vegetables, and from 5.2% to 105.3% in animal-based food. For animal-based food, good correlations were observed between the bioaccessibility of PBDEs and the fat content, thus the fat content in animal-based food was able to be used to estimate the bioaccessibility of PBDEs. The total daily intake of PBDEs via ingestion of vegetables and animal-based food for an average Shanghai resident was estimated as 13 235.7 and 13 668.0 pg d−1, respectively, but the amounts available for human absorption were reduced to 2674.4 and 4316.6 pg d−1 after the PBDE bioaccessibility was considered. Finally, the contributions of different food groups to the total daily intake of PBDEs were evaluated. The results revealed that, when not considering the bioaccessibility of PBDEs, vegetables were the leading contributor (49.2%), followed by fish (34.0%). However, the sequence was reversed after the PBDE bioaccessibility was taken into account. The results indicated that human exposure to PBDEs via food ingestion might have been significantly overestimated and the exposure assessment could be misleading if the bioaccessibility of PBDEs was not considered. 相似文献
980.
Recycling of printed circuit board (PCB) is an important subject and to which increasing attention is paid, both in treatment of waste as well as recovery of valuable material terms. Precede physical and mechanical method, a good liberation is the premise to further separation. In this study, two-step crushing process is employed, and standard sieve is applied to screen crushed material to different size fractions, moreover, the liberation situation and particles shape in different size are observed. Then metal of the PCB is separated by physical methods, including pneumatic separation, electrostatic separation and magnetic separation, and major metal contents are characterized by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results show that the metal and nonmetal particles of PCB are dissociated completely under the crush size 0.6mm; metal is mainly enriched in the four size fractions between 0.15 and 1.25 mm; relatively, pneumatic separation is suitable for 0.6-0.9 mm size fraction, while the electrostatic separation is suitable for three size fractions that are 0.15-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm and 0.9-1.25 mm. The whole process that involves crushing, electrostatic and magnetic separation has formed a closed cycle that can return material and provide salable product. 相似文献