权利的相对性

我小时候,记得爸爸经常出差,每当他回到家里去翻他的帆布挎包,真得很兴奋。爸爸会省出一些粮票买几个烧饼或偶尔带只德州扒鸡回家。在六、七十年代物质极其匮乏的日子里,盼爸爸多出差,又希望他快快回家是我的心愿。爸爸的包里有几样东西必备,包括：搪瓷杯、牙刷、牙膏、肥皂、剃须刀架及刀片和换洗的衣物。     

Process design for the environment: A multi-objective framework under uncertainty

Designing chemical processes for the environment requires consideration of several indexes of environmental impact including ozone depletion, global warming potentials, human and aquatic toxicity, photochemical oxidation, and acid rain potentials. Current methodologies, such as the generalized waste reduction algorithm (WAR), provide a first step towards evaluating these impacts. However, to address the issues of accuracy and the relative weights of these impact indexes, one must consider the problem of uncertainties. Environmental impacts must also be weighted and balanced against other concerns, such as their cost and long-term sustainability. These multiple, often conflicting, goals pose a challenging and complex optimization problem, requiring multi-objective optimization under uncertainty. This paper will address the problem of quantifying and analyzing the various objectives involved in process design for the environment. Towards this goal, we proposed a novel multi-objective optimization framework under uncertainty. This framework is based on new and efficient algorithms for multi-objective optimization and for uncertainty analysis. This approach finds a set of potentially optimal designs where trade-offs can be explicitly identified, unlike cost-benefit analysis, which deals with multiple objectives by identifying a single fundamental objective and then converting all the other objectives into this single currency. A benchmark process for hydrodealkylation (HDA) of toluene to produce benzene modeled in the ASPEN simulator is used to illustrate the usefulness of the approach in finding environmentally friendly and cost-effective designs under uncertainty.     

我国安全生产的形势和任务

论述了我国安全生产工作发展概况与安全的关系 ,分析了我国安全生产状况 ;指出了我国安全生产面临的主要难点 ;提出了我国安全生产工作的重任所在 ;笔者认为 ,只要从实际出发 ,坚持改革、标本兼治和技术创新 ,发挥政府、企业、劳动者三方协调机制的作用 ,借鉴和吸收国际成功经验 ,我国安全生产水平是会列于世界先进行列的。     

天津地区土壤中萘的生态风险分析

以天津地区表土188个样点的实测萘浓度以及萘对10种代表性土壤生物的半致死浓度为基础资料,尝试用3种方式评价了该地区土壤中萘的生态风险.并进行了方法学比较.研究结果发现,暴露浓度和毒性效应概率密度函数的重叠面积与联合概率曲线一致地反映出很低的生态风险,准确计算的暴露浓度超过LC50的概率仅为1.67%.结果说明该地区土壤萘的生态风险极低,仅严重污染的局部地区可能发生最敏感生物种受害.用于进行风险评价的3种方法各有利弊.     

机械工业职业卫生状况研究

对１２２４个工种（岗位）的工人接触生产性毒物、粉尘、高温的状况以及部分工种（岗位）的工人体力劳动强度状况进行了调研，初步了解到机械工业的主要职业危害因素、危害分布、危害程度和特征。     

Photocatalytic reactions of pyrene at TiO2/water interfaces

The photocatalytic oxidation of pyrene preadsorbed on TiO2 is examined in aqueous suspension under UV irradiation. Chemical oxygen demand measurements, UV-VIS spectrophotometer, infrared spectrometer and GC-MS analytical techniques were used to monitor the formed intermediates. During the oxidation processes, the ring-open reaction, hydroxylation and ketolysis occurred to produce some intermediate products (4-oxapyrene-5-one, 1,6- or 1,8-pyrenediones, 4,5-phenanthrenedialdehyde, cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene). Some factors affecting the photodegradation rate were also studied. The results were different from other studies: The pH of the dispersion, ratio of Py/TiO2:water had little effect on the photooxidation rate of pyrene catalyzed by TiO2, while the surface coverage, addition of Fe3+ affected it greatly.     

Employee responses to employment‐relationship practices: The role of psychological empowerment and traditionality

In studying the effect of employment‐relationship practices on employees, research has largely ignored individual differences, both cross‐culturally and within cultures. In this study, the authors examine the moderating effect of middle managers' traditionality, a within‐culture value orientation regarding submission to authority and endorsement of hierarchical role relationships, on their responses to an organization's employee–organization relationship practices. Based on social learning and social exchange theories, the authors expect the more traditional middle managers to respond less positively in terms of their performance and commitment to high levels of expected contributions and the associated psychological empowerment but respond more positively to high levels of offered inducements. Using a sample of 535 middle managers from 40 companies in China, the authors find support for all hypotheses except the moderating effect of traditionality on the relationship between offered inducements and performance. Additional analysis reveals that less‐traditional managers responded to economic rewards (but not developmental rewards) with higher job performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for research and the practice of employment relationships. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用线性分配法评价重庆主城区排水系统方案

根据综合评价的目的及要求，建立了重庆主城区排水系统方案的评价体系，并用线性分配法对诸方案进行了综合评价。     

有机粘土矿物对水中低浓度菲的吸附性能和机理

分别选用十六烷三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA-Br)、四甲基溴化铵(TMA-Br)、聚乙二醇(PEG)表面活性剂改性天然粘土矿物,研究其对水中低浓度多环芳烃类难降解有机物菲的吸附性能和机理,并讨论了有机粘土的用量对吸附菲的性能的影响,验证了有机粘土矿物吸附菲后的稳定性.3种有机粘土矿物对菲的吸附等温线均呈中凹型,表现为分配系数(Kp)逐渐增大,表明吸附是分配作用和溶剂化效应共同作用的结果.根据Kp及土样有机碳含量(foc)所得的经有机碳归一化的分配系数(Koc)基本为常数,远远高于天然土壤/沉积物的Koc.在相同实验条件下,3种有机粘土矿物中HDTMA改性粘土矿物对菲的吸附性能最强,PEG改性粘土矿物次之,TMA改性粘土矿物最差.